{ "dataType": "CVE_RECORD", "dataVersion": "5.2", "cveMetadata": { "cveId": "CVE-2026-89988", "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "state": "PUBLISHED", "assignerShortName": "Linux", "dateReserved": "2026-09-11T19:38:34.779Z", "datePublished": "2026-09-16T10:33:03.003Z", "dateUpdated": "2026-10-19T08:56:02.663Z" }, "containers": { "cna": { "providerMetadata": { "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "shortName": "Linux", "dateUpdated": "2026-10-19T08:56:02.663Z" }, "descriptions": [ { "lang": "en", "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nkprobes: Protect kprobe_blacklist with RCU\n\n__within_kprobe_blacklist() traverses kprobe_blacklist without holding\nkprobe_mutex. When a module is unloaded, kprobe_remove_area_blacklist()\nremoves blacklist entries and immediately frees them with kfree().\nA concurrent call to within_kprobe_blacklist() can therefore dereference\nfreed memory.\n\nFurthermore, within_kprobe_blacklist() can be called in atomic or\nnon-preemptible contexts where the sleeping kprobe_mutex cannot be taken.\n\nProtect kprobe_blacklist with RCU. Use guard(rcu)() and\nlist_for_each_entry_rcu() for traversal, list_add_tail_rcu() for\ninsertions, list_del_rcu() for deletions, and kfree_rcu() to reclaim\nentries safely after a grace period." } ], "metrics": [ { "cvssV3_1": { "version": "3.1", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "baseScore": 7.8, "baseSeverity": "HIGH" }, "scenarios": [ { "lang": "en", "value": "AV:L - The UAF is reached only via local syscalls: x86 perf_event_open() hardware execute breakpoints and register_kprobe() (tracefs, perf kprobes, BPF). It is not invoked from network packet processing or a remote service.\nAC:L - An attacker can loop the blacklist walk while concurrently causing module COMING/GOING so kprobe_remove_area_blacklist() does list_del/kfree, creating both sides of the race. Attacker-driven use-after-free races are AC:L.\nPR:L - x86 hw_breakpoint_arch_parse() calls within_kprobe_blacklist() for kernel execute breakpoints during perf_event_open() before hw_breakpoint_parse()'s CAP_SYS_ADMIN check, so an unprivileged user can trigger the walk. Module autoload via request_module() can mutate the list without CAP_SYS_MODULE.\nUI:N - The attacker triggers the race with their own syscalls (perf_event_open and module autoload/unload). No separate victim action is required.\nS:U - The bug is kernel-heap use-after-free in kprobes. Effects stay inside the kernel's security authority and do not cross a VM, IOMMU, or other boundary.\nC:H - Concurrent walk versus kfree of struct kprobe_blacklist_entry is a heap use-after-free. Reclaiming the object yields an arbitrary kernel read primitive, so confidentiality impact is high.\nI:H - A heap use-after-free on a list node is exploitable via heap spraying for an arbitrary write and control-flow hijack, so integrity impact is high.\nA:H - Following the freed blacklist entry's next pointer or fields causes a kernel oops or panic, taking down the system." } ] } ], "affected": [ { "product": "Linux", "vendor": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "unaffected", "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "programFiles": [ "include/linux/kprobes.h", "kernel/kprobes.c" ], "versions": [ { "version": "376e242429bf8539ef39a080ac113c8799840b13", "lessThan": "8f406205003f741225f620f0e357ca0de71d45e3", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "376e242429bf8539ef39a080ac113c8799840b13", "lessThan": "630ed8734a02b992e8a97538179c2ece42c5210f", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "376e242429bf8539ef39a080ac113c8799840b13", "lessThan": "518d9b5568bb06f86e4434f7a30faa9612ea91ad", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "376e242429bf8539ef39a080ac113c8799840b13", "lessThan": "5da247e4d1e8661d4d6f997101d59967e8994e32", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "376e242429bf8539ef39a080ac113c8799840b13", "lessThan": "6e62cf983a2bd547e6bbd3f935539233e5f97f8f", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "376e242429bf8539ef39a080ac113c8799840b13", "lessThan": "0c4256196b3a105307e2235fbfd85e768bbcdd0f", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" } ] }, { "product": "Linux", "vendor": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "affected", "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "programFiles": [ "include/linux/kprobes.h", "kernel/kprobes.c" ], "versions": [ { "version": "3.16", "status": "affected" }, { "version": "0", "lessThan": "3.16", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "6.1.188", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "6.6.157", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "6.12.110", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "6.18.51", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.18.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "7.2.5", "lessThanOrEqual": "7.2.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "7.3", "lessThanOrEqual": "*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix" } ] } ], "cpeApplicability": [ { "nodes": [ { "operator": "OR", "negate": false, "cpeMatch": [ { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "3.16", "versionEndExcluding": "6.1.188" }, { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "3.16", "versionEndExcluding": "6.6.157" }, { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "3.16", "versionEndExcluding": "6.12.110" }, { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "3.16", "versionEndExcluding": "6.18.51" }, { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "3.16", "versionEndExcluding": "7.2.5" }, { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "3.16", "versionEndExcluding": "7.3" } ] } ] } ], "references": [ { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8f406205003f741225f620f0e357ca0de71d45e3" }, { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/630ed8734a02b992e8a97538179c2ece42c5210f" }, { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/518d9b5568bb06f86e4434f7a30faa9612ea91ad" }, { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/5da247e4d1e8661d4d6f997101d59967e8994e32" }, { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6e62cf983a2bd547e6bbd3f935539233e5f97f8f" }, { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/0c4256196b3a105307e2235fbfd85e768bbcdd0f" } ], "title": "kprobes: Protect kprobe_blacklist with RCU", "x_generator": { "engine": "bippy-1.2.0" } } } }