Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling vulnerability in ash-project ash_graphql allows an unauthenticated client to bypass the configured GraphQL query-complexity limit and force an unbounded database read.
\nAshGraphql.Graphql.Resolver.query_complexity/3 multiplies child complexity by the requested page size only when the argument map contains :limit (offset pagination). Relay connections and keyset pagination use first and last, which never match that clause and fall through to the catch-all that returns child_complexity + 1. A nested relay query such as posts(first: 500) { edges { node { comments(first: 500) { ... } } } } therefore scores as trivially cheap while materializing the full fan-out, passing an Absinthe max_complexity cap that rejects the equivalent limit-based query. The fix adds first and last clauses clamped to the action's page size.
This issue affects ash_graphql: from 0.16.23 before 1.11.0.
" }, { "base64": false, "type": "text/markdown", "value": "Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling vulnerability in ash-project ash_graphql allows an unauthenticated client to bypass the configured GraphQL query-complexity limit and force an unbounded database read.\n\n`AshGraphql.Graphql.Resolver.query_complexity/3` multiplies child complexity by the requested page size only when the argument map contains `:limit` (offset pagination). Relay connections and keyset pagination use `first` and `last`, which never match that clause and fall through to the catch-all that returns `child_complexity + 1`. A nested relay query such as `posts(first: 500) { edges { node { comments(first: 500) { ... } } } }` therefore scores as trivially cheap while materializing the full fan-out, passing an Absinthe `max_complexity` cap that rejects the equivalent `limit`-based query. The fix adds `first` and `last` clauses clamped to the action's page size.\n\nThis issue affects ash_graphql: from 0.16.23 before 1.11.0." } ], "value": "Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling vulnerability in ash-project ash_graphql allows an unauthenticated client to bypass the configured GraphQL query-complexity limit and force an unbounded database read.\n\nAshGraphql.Graphql.Resolver.query_complexity/3 multiplies child complexity by the requested page size only when the argument map contains :limit (offset pagination). Relay connections and keyset pagination use first and last, which never match that clause and fall through to the catch-all that returns child_complexity + 1. A nested relay query such as posts(first: 500) { edges { node { comments(first: 500) { ... } } } } therefore scores as trivially cheap while materializing the full fan-out, passing an Absinthe max_complexity cap that rejects the equivalent limit-based query. The fix adds first and last clauses clamped to the action's page size.\n\nThis issue affects ash_graphql: from 0.16.23 before 1.11.0." } ], "impacts": [ { "capecId": "CAPEC-130", "descriptions": [ { "lang": "en", "value": "CAPEC-130 Excessive Allocation" } ] } ], "metrics": [ { "cvssV4_0": { "Automatable": "NOT_DEFINED", "Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED", "Safety": "NOT_DEFINED", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "attackRequirements": "NONE", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "baseScore": 8.7, "baseSeverity": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED", "subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE", "subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE", "subIntegrityImpact": "NONE", "userInteraction": "NONE", "valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED", "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N", "version": "4.0", "vulnAvailabilityImpact": "HIGH", "vulnConfidentialityImpact": "NONE", "vulnIntegrityImpact": "NONE", "vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED" }, "format": "CVSS", "scenarios": [ { "lang": "en", "value": "GENERAL" } ] } ], "problemTypes": [ { "descriptions": [ { "cweId": "CWE-770", "description": "CWE-770 Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling", "lang": "en", "type": "CWE" } ] } ], "providerMetadata": { "orgId": "6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db", "shortName": "EEF", "dateUpdated": "2026-08-30T18:25:29.776Z" }, "references": [ { "tags": [ "vendor-advisory", "related" ], "url": "https://github.com/ash-project/ash_graphql/security/advisories/GHSA-mwc4-r9fc-h6mg" }, { "tags": [ "related" ], "url": "https://cna.erlef.org/cves/CVE-2026-81636.html" }, { "tags": [ "related" ], "url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2026-81636" }, { "tags": [ "patch" ], "url": "https://github.com/ash-project/ash_graphql/commit/c3229f6a65cbabb32fd7ffcac881922d1b3b30ad" } ], "source": { "discovery": "EXTERNAL" }, "title": "Query-complexity limit bypass via first/last pagination arguments in AshGraphql enables denial of service" } } }