{ "dataType": "CVE_RECORD", "dataVersion": "5.2", "cveMetadata": { "cveId": "CVE-2026-72136", "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "state": "PUBLISHED", "assignerShortName": "Linux", "dateReserved": "2026-08-09T03:40:39.908Z", "datePublished": "2026-08-15T05:53:11.072Z", "dateUpdated": "2026-10-16T18:44:58.796Z" }, "containers": { "cna": { "providerMetadata": { "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "shortName": "Linux", "dateUpdated": "2026-08-17T05:40:46.616Z" }, "descriptions": [ { "lang": "en", "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nxfrm: xfrm_interface: require CAP_NET_ADMIN in the device netns for changelink\n\nxfrmi_changelink() operates on at most two netns, dev_net(dev) and the\ninterface link netns xi->net. They differ once the device is created in\nor moved to a netns other than the one the request runs in. The rtnl\nchangelink path checks CAP_NET_ADMIN only against dev_net(dev), so a\ncaller privileged there but not in xi->net can rewrite an interface that\nlives in xi->net.\n\nGate xfrmi_changelink() on rtnl_dev_link_net_capable() at its top,\nbefore any attribute is parsed." } ], "metrics": [ { "cvssV3_1": { "version": "3.1", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H", "baseScore": 8.8, "baseSeverity": "HIGH" }, "scenarios": [ { "lang": "en", "value": "AV:L - Exploitation requires a local RTM_NEWLINK changelink over an rtnetlink/netlink socket (rtnl_newlink → rtnl_changelink → xfrmi_changelink); this is a netlink configuration path, not remote packet handling, matching kernel Local guidance.\nAC:L - Once a cross-namespace xfrmi exists (dev_net(dev) ≠ xi->net via IFLA_LINK_NETNSID creation or netns migration), bypassing the missing check is one deterministic changelink with attacker-chosen IFLA_XFRM_IF_ID; no race, timing, or layout dependency.\nPR:L - rtnl_link_get_net_capable() only requires CAP_NET_ADMIN in dev_net(dev), obtainable by an unprivileged user via user+network namespaces (unshare -Urn / map-root-user); CAP_NET_ADMIN in the sticky link netns xi->net is not required.\nUI:N - The attack is fully programmatic from the attacker's own process through netlink; no victim action such as mounting a filesystem, opening a file, or clicking is required.\nS:C - Privilege is checked against dev_net(dev) while xfrmi_changelink/xfrmi_update mutate live xfrm interface state in xi->net (hash unlink/relink, if_id binding), crossing from the attacker's net/user namespace into another tenant's or the host network namespace.\nC:H - Changing IFLA_XFRM_IF_ID in xi->net retargets xfrmi_lookup/xfrm_lookup_with_ifid so host IPsec SAs can deliver decrypted VPN cleartext to the attacker-controlled netdev in dev_net(dev), exposing confidential tunneled traffic.\nI:H - Unauthorized changelink rewrites live xfrm interface parameters and xi->net registration, enabling redirection or injection of IPsec encapsulation/decapsulation paths on Internet-facing VPN gateways and cloud IPsec endpoints.\nA:H - xfrmi_update() runs synchronize_net() and netdev_state_change(); breaking or rebinding if_id mapping disrupts production IPsec/VTI/xfrmi VPN paths, causing sustained loss of encrypted tunnel connectivity." } ] } ], "affected": [ { "product": "Linux", "vendor": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "unaffected", "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "programFiles": [ "net/xfrm/xfrm_interface_core.c" ], "versions": [ { "version": "f203b76d78092faf248db3f851840fbecf80b40e", "lessThan": "04c1aa57d08471b1953bf27c84ac9b3d78d71831", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "f203b76d78092faf248db3f851840fbecf80b40e", "lessThan": "bdfd1c21d90e628a58a9de79e024cdfcbedfa15c", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "f203b76d78092faf248db3f851840fbecf80b40e", "lessThan": "80ec68bba11f7f387c0e4099c2d7b2c84943eb99", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "f203b76d78092faf248db3f851840fbecf80b40e", "lessThan": "e9c90756f10da334fb31552e52c61f1dba69f491", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "f203b76d78092faf248db3f851840fbecf80b40e", "lessThan": "37b61946d278c7deb0d40ba8f2b6fc0478d61dab", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "f203b76d78092faf248db3f851840fbecf80b40e", "lessThan": "8ca2a19a987a7d1cb4c916ed9723a1c6993b4276", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "f203b76d78092faf248db3f851840fbecf80b40e", "lessThan": "3ba2b2ef7d6a63b190f15cfc2b4ba0fba59928ea", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "f203b76d78092faf248db3f851840fbecf80b40e", "lessThan": "095515d89b19b6cc19dfcdc846f97403ed1ebce3", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" } ] }, { "product": "Linux", "vendor": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "affected", "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "programFiles": [ "net/xfrm/xfrm_interface_core.c" ], "versions": [ { "version": "4.19", "status": "affected" }, { "version": "0", "lessThan": "4.19", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "5.10.261", "lessThanOrEqual": "5.10.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "5.15.212", "lessThanOrEqual": "5.15.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "6.1.178", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "6.6.145", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "6.12.97", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "6.18.40", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.18.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "7.1.5", "lessThanOrEqual": "7.1.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "7.2", "lessThanOrEqual": "*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix" } ] } ], "cpeApplicability": [ { "nodes": [ { "operator": "OR", "negate": false, "cpeMatch": [ { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "4.19", "versionEndExcluding": "5.10.261" }, { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "4.19", "versionEndExcluding": "5.15.212" }, { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "4.19", "versionEndExcluding": "6.1.178" }, { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "4.19", "versionEndExcluding": "6.6.145" }, { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "4.19", "versionEndExcluding": "6.12.97" }, { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "4.19", "versionEndExcluding": "6.18.40" }, { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "4.19", "versionEndExcluding": "7.1.5" }, { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "4.19", "versionEndExcluding": "7.2" } ] } ] } ], "references": [ { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/04c1aa57d08471b1953bf27c84ac9b3d78d71831" }, { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/bdfd1c21d90e628a58a9de79e024cdfcbedfa15c" }, { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/80ec68bba11f7f387c0e4099c2d7b2c84943eb99" }, { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e9c90756f10da334fb31552e52c61f1dba69f491" }, { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/37b61946d278c7deb0d40ba8f2b6fc0478d61dab" }, { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8ca2a19a987a7d1cb4c916ed9723a1c6993b4276" }, { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3ba2b2ef7d6a63b190f15cfc2b4ba0fba59928ea" }, { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/095515d89b19b6cc19dfcdc846f97403ed1ebce3" } ], "title": "xfrm: xfrm_interface: require CAP_NET_ADMIN in the device netns for changelink", "x_generator": { "engine": "bippy-1.2.0" } }, "adp": [ { "metrics": [ { "other": { "type": "ssvc", "content": { "id": "CVE-2026-72136", "role": "CISA Coordinator", "options": [ { "Exploitation": "none" }, { "Automatable": "no" }, { "Technical Impact": "total" } ], "version": "2.0.3", "timestamp": "2026-10-16T18:42:42.776069Z" } } } ], "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment", "providerMetadata": { "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0", "shortName": "CISA-ADP", "dateUpdated": "2026-10-16T18:44:58.796Z" } } ] } }