{
    "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
    "dataVersion": "5.2",
    "cveMetadata": {
        "cveId": "CVE-2026-65627",
        "assignerOrgId": "6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db",
        "state": "PUBLISHED",
        "assignerShortName": "EEF",
        "dateReserved": "2026-07-22T13:58:26.233Z",
        "datePublished": "2026-10-26T19:53:16.336Z",
        "dateUpdated": "2026-10-26T19:53:16.336Z"
    },
    "containers": {
        "cna": {
            "affected": [
                {
                    "collectionURL": "https://repo.hex.pm",
                    "cpes": [
                        "cpe:2.3:a:potatosalad:jose:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"
                    ],
                    "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
                    "modules": [
                        "jose_jwe_zip",
                        "jose_jwe",
                        "'Elixir.JOSE.JWE'"
                    ],
                    "packageName": "jose",
                    "packageURL": "pkg:hex/jose",
                    "product": "jose",
                    "programFiles": [
                        "src/jwe/jose_jwe_zip.erl",
                        "src/jwe/jose_jwe.erl",
                        "lib/jose/jwe.ex"
                    ],
                    "programRoutines": [
                        {
                            "name": "jose_jwe_zip:uncompress/2"
                        },
                        {
                            "name": "jose_jwe:block_decrypt/2"
                        },
                        {
                            "name": "'Elixir.JOSE.JWE':block_decrypt/2"
                        }
                    ],
                    "repo": "https://github.com/potatosalad/erlang-jose",
                    "vendor": "potatosalad",
                    "versions": [
                        {
                            "lessThan": "1.11.13",
                            "status": "affected",
                            "version": "1.0.0",
                            "versionType": "semver"
                        }
                    ]
                },
                {
                    "collectionURL": "https://github.com",
                    "cpes": [
                        "cpe:2.3:a:potatosalad:jose:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"
                    ],
                    "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
                    "modules": [
                        "jose_jwe_zip",
                        "jose_jwe",
                        "'Elixir.JOSE.JWE'"
                    ],
                    "packageName": "potatosalad/erlang-jose",
                    "packageURL": "pkg:github/potatosalad/erlang-jose",
                    "product": "jose",
                    "programFiles": [
                        "src/jwe/jose_jwe_zip.erl",
                        "src/jwe/jose_jwe.erl",
                        "lib/jose/jwe.ex"
                    ],
                    "programRoutines": [
                        {
                            "name": "jose_jwe_zip:uncompress/2"
                        },
                        {
                            "name": "jose_jwe:block_decrypt/2"
                        },
                        {
                            "name": "'Elixir.JOSE.JWE':block_decrypt/2"
                        }
                    ],
                    "repo": "https://github.com/potatosalad/erlang-jose",
                    "vendor": "potatosalad",
                    "versions": [
                        {
                            "lessThan": "857eb8e7f2d33e2c9ca2189e77226561cacaf2ad",
                            "status": "affected",
                            "version": "a7746ecd4950f85a393136e449a91dac62b5c429",
                            "versionType": "git"
                        }
                    ]
                }
            ],
            "cpeApplicability": [
                {
                    "nodes": [
                        {
                            "cpeMatch": [
                                {
                                    "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:potatosalad:jose:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                                    "versionEndExcluding": "1.11.13",
                                    "versionStartIncluding": "1.0.0",
                                    "vulnerable": true
                                }
                            ],
                            "negate": false,
                            "operator": "OR"
                        }
                    ],
                    "operator": "AND"
                }
            ],
            "credits": [
                {
                    "lang": "en",
                    "type": "reporter",
                    "value": "Peter Ullrich"
                },
                {
                    "lang": "en",
                    "type": "remediation developer",
                    "value": "Andrew Bennett"
                },
                {
                    "lang": "en",
                    "type": "analyst",
                    "value": "Jonatan Männchen / EEF"
                }
            ],
            "descriptions": [
                {
                    "lang": "en",
                    "supportingMedia": [
                        {
                            "base64": false,
                            "type": "text/html",
                            "value": "<p>Improper Handling of Highly Compressed Data (Data Amplification) vulnerability in potatosalad jose (erlang-jose) allows a remote attacker to exhaust a node's memory with a small crafted JWE token.</p>\n<p>The <code>jose_jwe_zip:uncompress/2</code> function in <code>src/jwe/jose_jwe_zip.erl</code> decompresses the DEFLATE-compressed plaintext of a JWE that carries the optional <code>zip: DEF</code> header by calling <code>zlib:inflate/2</code> on the entire attacker-controlled stream, with no bound on the output size or the inflation ratio. Raw DEFLATE reaches ratios around 1000:1 on highly repetitive input, so a few-kilobyte token inflates to hundreds of megabytes or gigabytes in a single call.</p>\n<p>Decompression runs automatically during decryption through <code>jose_jwe:block_decrypt/2</code> (<code>JOSE.JWE.block_decrypt/2</code> in Elixir), before the recipient can inspect or reject the payload. With the common asymmetric key-management algorithms (RSA-OAEP, ECDH-ES) an attacker needs only the recipient's public key to craft such a token, so no authentication or secret material is required. A single small token can exhaust the node's memory and crash the BEAM, denying service to all users.</p>\n<p>This issue affects jose: from 1.0.0 before 1.11.13.</p>"
                        },
                        {
                            "base64": false,
                            "type": "text/markdown",
                            "value": "Improper Handling of Highly Compressed Data (Data Amplification) vulnerability in potatosalad jose (erlang-jose) allows a remote attacker to exhaust a node's memory with a small crafted JWE token.\n\nThe `jose_jwe_zip:uncompress/2` function in `src/jwe/jose_jwe_zip.erl` decompresses the DEFLATE-compressed plaintext of a JWE that carries the optional `zip: DEF` header by calling `zlib:inflate/2` on the entire attacker-controlled stream, with no bound on the output size or the inflation ratio. Raw DEFLATE reaches ratios around 1000:1 on highly repetitive input, so a few-kilobyte token inflates to hundreds of megabytes or gigabytes in a single call.\n\nDecompression runs automatically during decryption through `jose_jwe:block_decrypt/2` (`JOSE.JWE.block_decrypt/2` in Elixir), before the recipient can inspect or reject the payload. With the common asymmetric key-management algorithms (RSA-OAEP, ECDH-ES) an attacker needs only the recipient's public key to craft such a token, so no authentication or secret material is required. A single small token can exhaust the node's memory and crash the BEAM, denying service to all users.\n\nThis issue affects jose: from 1.0.0 before 1.11.13."
                        }
                    ],
                    "value": "Improper Handling of Highly Compressed Data (Data Amplification) vulnerability in potatosalad jose (erlang-jose) allows a remote attacker to exhaust a node's memory with a small crafted JWE token.\n\nThe jose_jwe_zip:uncompress/2 function in src/jwe/jose_jwe_zip.erl decompresses the DEFLATE-compressed plaintext of a JWE that carries the optional zip: DEF header by calling zlib:inflate/2 on the entire attacker-controlled stream, with no bound on the output size or the inflation ratio. Raw DEFLATE reaches ratios around 1000:1 on highly repetitive input, so a few-kilobyte token inflates to hundreds of megabytes or gigabytes in a single call.\n\nDecompression runs automatically during decryption through jose_jwe:block_decrypt/2 (JOSE.JWE.block_decrypt/2 in Elixir), before the recipient can inspect or reject the payload. With the common asymmetric key-management algorithms (RSA-OAEP, ECDH-ES) an attacker needs only the recipient's public key to craft such a token, so no authentication or secret material is required. A single small token can exhaust the node's memory and crash the BEAM, denying service to all users.\n\nThis issue affects jose: from 1.0.0 before 1.11.13."
                }
            ],
            "impacts": [
                {
                    "capecId": "CAPEC-130",
                    "descriptions": [
                        {
                            "lang": "en",
                            "value": "CAPEC-130 Excessive Allocation"
                        }
                    ]
                }
            ],
            "metrics": [
                {
                    "cvssV4_0": {
                        "Automatable": "NOT_DEFINED",
                        "Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED",
                        "Safety": "NOT_DEFINED",
                        "attackComplexity": "LOW",
                        "attackRequirements": "NONE",
                        "attackVector": "LOCAL",
                        "baseScore": 6.9,
                        "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
                        "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
                        "providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED",
                        "subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
                        "subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
                        "subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
                        "userInteraction": "NONE",
                        "valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED",
                        "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
                        "version": "4.0",
                        "vulnAvailabilityImpact": "HIGH",
                        "vulnConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
                        "vulnIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
                        "vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED"
                    },
                    "format": "CVSS",
                    "scenarios": [
                        {
                            "lang": "en",
                            "value": "GENERAL"
                        }
                    ]
                }
            ],
            "problemTypes": [
                {
                    "descriptions": [
                        {
                            "cweId": "CWE-409",
                            "description": "CWE-409 Improper Handling of Highly Compressed Data (Data Amplification)",
                            "lang": "en",
                            "type": "CWE"
                        }
                    ]
                }
            ],
            "providerMetadata": {
                "orgId": "6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db",
                "shortName": "EEF",
                "dateUpdated": "2026-10-26T19:53:16.336Z"
            },
            "references": [
                {
                    "tags": [
                        "vendor-advisory",
                        "related"
                    ],
                    "url": "https://github.com/potatosalad/erlang-jose/security/advisories/GHSA-wfpv-qxp8-x5gm"
                },
                {
                    "name": "EEF CNA record for CVE-2026-65627",
                    "tags": [
                        "related"
                    ],
                    "url": "https://cna.erlef.org/cves/CVE-2026-65627.html"
                },
                {
                    "name": "OSV record EEF-CVE-2026-65627",
                    "tags": [
                        "related"
                    ],
                    "url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2026-65627"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Introducing commit a7746ec in potatosalad/erlang-jose",
                    "tags": [
                        "related"
                    ],
                    "url": "https://github.com/potatosalad/erlang-jose/commit/a7746ecd4950f85a393136e449a91dac62b5c429"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Fix commit 857eb8e in potatosalad/erlang-jose",
                    "tags": [
                        "patch"
                    ],
                    "url": "https://github.com/potatosalad/erlang-jose/commit/857eb8e7f2d33e2c9ca2189e77226561cacaf2ad"
                }
            ],
            "source": {
                "discovery": "EXTERNAL"
            },
            "title": "Decompression bomb via unbounded zlib:inflate in jose_jwe_zip:uncompress/2",
            "workarounds": [
                {
                    "lang": "en",
                    "supportingMedia": [
                        {
                            "base64": false,
                            "type": "text/html",
                            "value": "<p>Reject JWE tokens that carry a <code>zip</code> header before passing them to <code>jose_jwe:block_decrypt/2</code>. DEFLATE compression is rarely used in legitimate JWE traffic, so untrusted tokens whose protected header contains <code>zip: DEF</code> can be inspected and filtered out before decryption.</p>"
                        },
                        {
                            "base64": false,
                            "type": "text/markdown",
                            "value": "Reject JWE tokens that carry a `zip` header before passing them to `jose_jwe:block_decrypt/2`. DEFLATE compression is rarely used in legitimate JWE traffic, so untrusted tokens whose protected header contains `zip: DEF` can be inspected and filtered out before decryption."
                        }
                    ],
                    "value": "Reject JWE tokens that carry a zip header before passing them to jose_jwe:block_decrypt/2. DEFLATE compression is rarely used in legitimate JWE traffic, so untrusted tokens whose protected header contains zip: DEF can be inspected and filtered out before decryption."
                }
            ]
        }
    }
}