{
    "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
    "dataVersion": "5.2",
    "cveMetadata": {
        "cveId": "CVE-2026-48100",
        "assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
        "state": "PUBLISHED",
        "assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
        "dateReserved": "2026-05-20T18:40:45.835Z",
        "datePublished": "2026-09-28T16:43:06.401Z",
        "dateUpdated": "2026-09-28T17:27:18.467Z"
    },
    "containers": {
        "cna": {
            "title": "Payy: agg_agg trailing message slots are unconstrained and allow forged burn messages",
            "problemTypes": [
                {
                    "descriptions": [
                        {
                            "cweId": "CWE-349",
                            "lang": "en",
                            "description": "CWE-349: Acceptance of Extraneous Untrusted Data With Trusted Data",
                            "type": "CWE"
                        }
                    ]
                }
            ],
            "metrics": [
                {
                    "cvssV4_0": {
                        "attackVector": "NETWORK",
                        "attackComplexity": "LOW",
                        "attackRequirements": "NONE",
                        "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
                        "userInteraction": "NONE",
                        "vulnConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
                        "vulnIntegrityImpact": "HIGH",
                        "vulnAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
                        "subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
                        "subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
                        "subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
                        "baseScore": 8.7,
                        "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
                        "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
                        "version": "4.0"
                    }
                }
            ],
            "references": [
                {
                    "name": "https://github.com/polybase/payy/security/advisories/GHSA-fhxc-63vg-9gwr",
                    "tags": [
                        "x_refsource_CONFIRM"
                    ],
                    "url": "https://github.com/polybase/payy/security/advisories/GHSA-fhxc-63vg-9gwr"
                }
            ],
            "affected": [
                {
                    "vendor": "polybase",
                    "product": "payy",
                    "versions": [
                        {
                            "version": "< 1.3.0",
                            "status": "affected"
                        }
                    ]
                }
            ],
            "providerMetadata": {
                "orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
                "shortName": "GitHub_M",
                "dateUpdated": "2026-09-28T16:43:06.401Z"
            },
            "descriptions": [
                {
                    "lang": "en",
                    "value": "Payy is an Ethereum L2 zk-rollup for privacy preserving and regulatory compliant transactions. Prior to version 1.3.0, agg_agg forwards the compacted message stream from its inner proofs into a public messages: [Field; 1000] array, but it never checks that the unused tail of the outer array is zero. A registered prover can build a valid agg_final proof for an approved rollup block while inserting an extra burn message after the real messages. RollupV1.verifyRollup() then parses that public input as a normal burn and transfers USDC from the rollup contract to the attacker. This is a severe circuit soundness failure: the proof system accepts a public statement whose messages array is not fully derived from the verified inner proofs. On the current deployment, verifyRollup() is restricted to the existing allowlisted prover, so a fresh public caller cannot submit the invalid proof directly. That gate limits who can reach L1 today; it does not make the circuit statement sound. The issue becomes permissionless under the prover model described in the Payy whitepaper. Section 3.3.2 states: \"To join as a prover, the prover is required to submit a small stake\", and Section 3.3.1 states that if a prover fails to submit, \"other nodes can submit the block proof instead.\" In that model, an attacker only needs to become a registered prover and use public validator approval data for an already approved block. This issue has been patched in version 1.3.0."
                }
            ],
            "source": {
                "advisory": "GHSA-fhxc-63vg-9gwr",
                "discovery": "UNKNOWN"
            }
        },
        "adp": [
            {
                "references": [
                    {
                        "url": "https://github.com/polybase/payy/security/advisories/GHSA-fhxc-63vg-9gwr",
                        "tags": [
                            "exploit"
                        ]
                    }
                ],
                "metrics": [
                    {
                        "other": {
                            "type": "ssvc",
                            "content": {
                                "timestamp": "2026-09-28T17:20:42.562536Z",
                                "id": "CVE-2026-48100",
                                "options": [
                                    {
                                        "Exploitation": "poc"
                                    },
                                    {
                                        "Automatable": "yes"
                                    },
                                    {
                                        "Technical Impact": "partial"
                                    }
                                ],
                                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                                "version": "2.0.3"
                            }
                        }
                    }
                ],
                "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment",
                "providerMetadata": {
                    "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
                    "shortName": "CISA-ADP",
                    "dateUpdated": "2026-09-28T17:27:18.467Z"
                }
            }
        ]
    }
}