{
    "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
    "dataVersion": "5.2",
    "cveMetadata": {
        "cveId": "CVE-2026-45363",
        "assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
        "state": "PUBLISHED",
        "assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
        "dateReserved": "2026-05-12T00:51:29.085Z",
        "datePublished": "2026-07-14T21:32:26.676Z",
        "dateUpdated": "2026-07-15T13:26:21.205Z"
    },
    "containers": {
        "cna": {
            "title": "`jwt` (Ruby gem) - empty-key HMAC bypass",
            "problemTypes": [
                {
                    "descriptions": [
                        {
                            "cweId": "CWE-287",
                            "lang": "en",
                            "description": "CWE-287: Improper Authentication",
                            "type": "CWE"
                        }
                    ]
                },
                {
                    "descriptions": [
                        {
                            "cweId": "CWE-326",
                            "lang": "en",
                            "description": "CWE-326: Inadequate Encryption Strength",
                            "type": "CWE"
                        }
                    ]
                },
                {
                    "descriptions": [
                        {
                            "cweId": "CWE-1391",
                            "lang": "en",
                            "description": "CWE-1391: Use of Weak Credentials",
                            "type": "CWE"
                        }
                    ]
                }
            ],
            "metrics": [
                {
                    "cvssV3_1": {
                        "attackComplexity": "LOW",
                        "attackVector": "NETWORK",
                        "availabilityImpact": "NONE",
                        "baseScore": 9.1,
                        "baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
                        "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
                        "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
                        "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
                        "scope": "UNCHANGED",
                        "userInteraction": "NONE",
                        "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
                        "version": "3.1"
                    }
                }
            ],
            "references": [
                {
                    "name": "https://github.com/jwt/ruby-jwt/security/advisories/GHSA-c32j-vqhx-rx3x",
                    "tags": [
                        "x_refsource_CONFIRM"
                    ],
                    "url": "https://github.com/jwt/ruby-jwt/security/advisories/GHSA-c32j-vqhx-rx3x"
                },
                {
                    "name": "https://github.com/jwt/ruby-jwt/commit/9820020869ad147b941e49d96ab8beba35532964",
                    "tags": [
                        "x_refsource_MISC"
                    ],
                    "url": "https://github.com/jwt/ruby-jwt/commit/9820020869ad147b941e49d96ab8beba35532964"
                },
                {
                    "name": "https://github.com/jwt/ruby-jwt/commit/db560b769a07bd9724e77ff505011ac01872106f",
                    "tags": [
                        "x_refsource_MISC"
                    ],
                    "url": "https://github.com/jwt/ruby-jwt/commit/db560b769a07bd9724e77ff505011ac01872106f"
                },
                {
                    "name": "https://github.com/jwt/ruby-jwt/releases/tag/v2.10.3",
                    "tags": [
                        "x_refsource_MISC"
                    ],
                    "url": "https://github.com/jwt/ruby-jwt/releases/tag/v2.10.3"
                },
                {
                    "name": "https://github.com/jwt/ruby-jwt/releases/tag/v3.2.0",
                    "tags": [
                        "x_refsource_MISC"
                    ],
                    "url": "https://github.com/jwt/ruby-jwt/releases/tag/v3.2.0"
                }
            ],
            "affected": [
                {
                    "vendor": "jwt",
                    "product": "ruby-jwt",
                    "versions": [
                        {
                            "version": "< 2.10.3",
                            "status": "affected"
                        },
                        {
                            "version": ">= 3.0.0, < 3.2.0",
                            "status": "affected"
                        }
                    ]
                }
            ],
            "providerMetadata": {
                "orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
                "shortName": "GitHub_M",
                "dateUpdated": "2026-07-14T21:34:05.174Z"
            },
            "descriptions": [
                {
                    "lang": "en",
                    "value": "ruby-jwt is a Ruby implementation of the RFC 7519 OAuth JSON Web Token standard. Prior to 2.10.3 and 3.2.0, JWT.decode(token, '', true, algorithm: 'HS256') accepts an attacker-forged token because OpenSSL::HMAC.digest('SHA256', '', payload) returns a valid digest under an empty key and no empty-key precondition exists in the HMAC algorithm. The same path is reached when a keyfinder block or key_finder: argument returns an empty string, nil, or an array containing nil for an unknown key, affecting HS256, HS384, and HS512 verification through JWT.decode and JWT::EncodedToken#verify_signature!. This issue is fixed in versions 2.10.3 and 3.2.0."
                }
            ],
            "source": {
                "advisory": "GHSA-c32j-vqhx-rx3x",
                "discovery": "UNKNOWN"
            }
        },
        "adp": [
            {
                "metrics": [
                    {
                        "other": {
                            "type": "ssvc",
                            "content": {
                                "timestamp": "2026-07-15T13:24:12.081532Z",
                                "id": "CVE-2026-45363",
                                "options": [
                                    {
                                        "Exploitation": "none"
                                    },
                                    {
                                        "Automatable": "yes"
                                    },
                                    {
                                        "Technical Impact": "total"
                                    }
                                ],
                                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                                "version": "2.0.3"
                            }
                        }
                    }
                ],
                "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment",
                "providerMetadata": {
                    "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
                    "shortName": "CISA-ADP",
                    "dateUpdated": "2026-07-15T13:26:21.205Z"
                }
            }
        ]
    }
}