{ "dataType": "CVE_RECORD", "dataVersion": "5.2", "cveMetadata": { "cveId": "CVE-2026-23231", "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "state": "PUBLISHED", "assignerShortName": "Linux", "dateReserved": "2026-01-13T15:37:45.988Z", "datePublished": "2026-03-04T12:58:42.029Z", "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:20:47.711Z" }, "containers": { "cna": { "providerMetadata": { "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "shortName": "Linux", "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:20:47.711Z" }, "descriptions": [ { "lang": "en", "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnetfilter: nf_tables: fix use-after-free in nf_tables_addchain()\n\nnf_tables_addchain() publishes the chain to table->chains via\nlist_add_tail_rcu() (in nft_chain_add()) before registering hooks.\nIf nf_tables_register_hook() then fails, the error path calls\nnft_chain_del() (list_del_rcu()) followed by nf_tables_chain_destroy()\nwith no RCU grace period in between.\n\nThis creates two use-after-free conditions:\n\n 1) Control-plane: nf_tables_dump_chains() traverses table->chains\n under rcu_read_lock(). A concurrent dump can still be walking\n the chain when the error path frees it.\n\n 2) Packet path: for NFPROTO_INET, nf_register_net_hook() briefly\n installs the IPv4 hook before IPv6 registration fails. Packets\n entering nft_do_chain() via the transient IPv4 hook can still be\n dereferencing chain->blob_gen_X when the error path frees the\n chain.\n\nAdd synchronize_rcu() between nft_chain_del() and the chain destroy\nso that all RCU readers -- both dump threads and in-flight packet\nevaluation -- have finished before the chain is freed." } ], "metrics": [ { "cvssV3_1": { "version": "3.1", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "baseScore": 7.8, "baseSeverity": "HIGH" }, "scenarios": [ { "lang": "en", "value": "AV:L - nftables is accessed via NETLINK_NETFILTER sockets requiring local system access through netlink; not remotely reachable.\nAC:L - The attacker can deterministically trigger hook registration failure by exhausting MAX_HOOK_COUNT (1024) on IPv6, then creating an INET chain. The attacker controls both sides of the race (chain creation and concurrent dump/packet injection).\nPR:L - Requires CAP_NET_ADMIN, which is obtainable by an unprivileged user through user namespaces (unshare -Urn) since netlink_net_capable checks against the namespace's user_ns.\nUI:N - No user interaction is required; the attacker can trigger the vulnerability entirely on their own.\nS:U - The vulnerability results in kernel memory corruption within the same security authority; no security boundary (VM, sandbox) is crossed.\nC:H - Use-after-free allows an attacker to reclaim the freed chain object with controlled data, enabling arbitrary kernel memory reads through the chain structure fields accessed by dump or packet processing.\nI:H - Use-after-free enables heap spraying to place attacker-controlled data in the freed chain object, allowing arbitrary write primitives and control flow hijacking through function pointers in the chain/basechain structures.\nA:H - The use-after-free reliably causes kernel crashes when the freed chain memory is accessed by concurrent dump threads or in-flight packet evaluation via nft_do_chain()." } ] } ], "affected": [ { "product": "Linux", "vendor": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "unaffected", "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "programFiles": [ "net/netfilter/nf_tables_api.c" ], "versions": [ { "version": "91c7b38dc9f0de4f7f444b796d14476bc12df7bc", "lessThan": "2a6586ecfa4ce1413daaafee250d2590e05f1a33", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "91c7b38dc9f0de4f7f444b796d14476bc12df7bc", "lessThan": "7017745068a9068904e1e7a1b170a5785647cc81", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "91c7b38dc9f0de4f7f444b796d14476bc12df7bc", "lessThan": "f3fe58ce37926a10115ede527d59b91bcc05400a", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "91c7b38dc9f0de4f7f444b796d14476bc12df7bc", "lessThan": "dbd0af8083dd201f07c49110b2ee93710abdff28", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "91c7b38dc9f0de4f7f444b796d14476bc12df7bc", "lessThan": "2f9a4ffeb763aec822f8ff3d1e82202d27d46d4b", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "91c7b38dc9f0de4f7f444b796d14476bc12df7bc", "lessThan": "71e99ee20fc3f662555118cf1159443250647533", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" } ] }, { "product": "Linux", "vendor": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "affected", "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "programFiles": [ "net/netfilter/nf_tables_api.c" ], "versions": [ { "version": "3.16", "status": "affected" }, { "version": "0", "lessThan": "3.16", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "6.1.165", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "6.6.128", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "6.12.75", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "6.18.14", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.18.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "6.19.4", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.19.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "7.0", "lessThanOrEqual": "*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix" } ] } ], "cpeApplicability": [ { "nodes": [ { "operator": "OR", "negate": false, "cpeMatch": [ { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "3.16", "versionEndExcluding": "6.1.165" }, { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "3.16", "versionEndExcluding": "6.6.128" }, { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "3.16", "versionEndExcluding": "6.12.75" }, { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "3.16", "versionEndExcluding": "6.18.14" }, { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "3.16", "versionEndExcluding": "6.19.4" }, { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "3.16", "versionEndExcluding": "7.0" } ] } ] } ], "references": [ { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/2a6586ecfa4ce1413daaafee250d2590e05f1a33" }, { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7017745068a9068904e1e7a1b170a5785647cc81" }, { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f3fe58ce37926a10115ede527d59b91bcc05400a" }, { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/dbd0af8083dd201f07c49110b2ee93710abdff28" }, { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/2f9a4ffeb763aec822f8ff3d1e82202d27d46d4b" }, { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/71e99ee20fc3f662555118cf1159443250647533" } ], "title": "netfilter: nf_tables: fix use-after-free in nf_tables_addchain()", "x_generator": { "engine": "bippy-1.2.0" 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