CVE-2025-9965

Exploitation

Assessed, none found. CISA's assessment recorded neither public exploit code nor evidence of exploitation when it was made.

SSVC decision

• ExploitationnoneCISA recorded no public exploit code and no evidence of exploitation.
• AutomatablenoAt least one step from reconnaissance to exploitation cannot be reliably automated.
• Technical ImpactpartialSuccessful exploitation gives limited control of the vulnerable component.

CISA publishes the decision points, not a final SSVC decision. The decision also depends on mission and well-being impact, which is a property of your deployment rather than of the vulnerability.

EPSS probability

0.55% probability of exploitation activity in the next 30 days.

EPSS percentile

Ranks above 43.3% of scored records. A rank, not a probability.

NVD base score

9.3 (CVSS v4.0), scored by the NVD independently of the CNA.

NVD CVSS vector

CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:H/VA:H/SC:L/SI:H/SA:H/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X

NVD analysis status

Deferred. NVD last modified this record on 2026-06-17.

Red Hat severity

No Red Hat rating. Red Hat rates the CVEs that affect its products.

Exploit-prediction scores from FIRST. Independent scoring and analysis status from the NVD. Vendor severity from Red Hat. Exploitation assessment and catalog membership from CISA.

Published

2025-09-23 11:36Z11 MO AGO

Last updated

2026-03-31 12:41Z5 MO AGO

Reserved

2025-09-03

Assigning CNA

CyberDanube

Record state

PUBLISHED

Severity

Critical (CVSS 9.3)

CNA CVSS vector

CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:H/VA:H/SC:L/SI:H/SA:H

Weaknesses

• CWE-287Improper AuthenticationClass

Data version

5.2

Document digest

747a11890539808eedce99328e1806fda90893cae666acae11a669cc33612739

• cyberdanube.comhttps://cyberdanube.com/security-research/multiple-vulnerabilities-in-novakon-hmi-series/
• www.novakon.com.twhttps://www.novakon.com.tw/en/news/detail/Security_Advisory__Firmware_Update_Available_for_NOVAKON_P_Series_HMI_Productsvendor-advisory
• www.novakon.com.twhttps://www.novakon.com.tw/common/frontend/download?path=/uploads/images/support/download/NOVAKON_P-Series-HMI_Security-Advisory_CVE-2025-9962-9966_Rev2_0.pdfvendor-advisory
• seclists.orghttp://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2025/Sep/70