CVE-2025-9491

Exploitation

Public exploit code exists. CISA's assessment records a public proof of concept. That is not a report of exploitation in the wild.

SSVC decision

• ExploitationpocPublic proof-of-concept exploit code exists. Not a report of exploitation in the wild.
• AutomatablenoAt least one step from reconnaissance to exploitation cannot be reliably automated.
• Technical ImpactpartialSuccessful exploitation gives limited control of the vulnerable component.

CISA publishes the decision points, not a final SSVC decision. The decision also depends on mission and well-being impact, which is a property of your deployment rather than of the vulnerability.

EPSS probability

68.86% probability of exploitation activity in the next 30 days.

EPSS percentile

Ranks above 99.3% of scored records. A rank, not a probability.

NVD base score

4.6 (CVSS v4.0), scored by the NVD independently of the CNA.

NVD CVSS vector

CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:A/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X

NVD analysis status

Modified. NVD last modified this record on 2026-06-17.

Red Hat severity

No Red Hat rating. Red Hat rates the CVEs that affect its products.

Exploit-prediction scores from FIRST. Independent scoring and analysis status from the NVD. Vendor severity from Red Hat. Exploitation assessment and catalog membership from CISA.

Published

2025-08-26 16:25Z1 YR AGO

Last updated

2025-12-05 16:28Z9 MO AGO

Reserved

2025-08-26

Assigning CNA

zdi

Record state

PUBLISHED

Severity

Medium (CVSS 4.6)

CNA CVSS vector

CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:A/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

Weaknesses

• CWE-451User Interface (UI) Misrepresentation of Critical InformationClass

Data version

5.2

Document digest

946dc777aca324b565cd8f6fcb8a4bd37dad127fc0769c4c7a2f888a9e944f83

• www.zerodayinitiative.comZDI-25-148https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-25-148/x_research-advisory
• msrc.microsoft.comhttps://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/advisory/ADV25258226vendor-advisory
• www.virustotal.comhttps://www.virustotal.com/gui/file/a55789d49c395a9b16cb56b0544266d9ecee409fa3c5fead8082f28c2aff4e76exploit