CVE-2025-8991

Exploitation

Public exploit code exists. CISA's assessment records a public proof of concept. That is not a report of exploitation in the wild.

SSVC decision

• ExploitationpocPublic proof-of-concept exploit code exists. Not a report of exploitation in the wild.
• AutomatablenoAt least one step from reconnaissance to exploitation cannot be reliably automated.
• Technical ImpactpartialSuccessful exploitation gives limited control of the vulnerable component.

CISA publishes the decision points, not a final SSVC decision. The decision also depends on mission and well-being impact, which is a property of your deployment rather than of the vulnerability.

EPSS probability

0.32% probability of exploitation activity in the next 30 days.

EPSS percentile

Ranks above 25.1% of scored records. A rank, not a probability.

NVD base score

2.1 (CVSS v4.0), scored by the NVD independently of the CNA.

NVD CVSS vector

CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X

NVD analysis status

Analyzed. NVD last modified this record on 2026-06-17.

Red Hat severity

No Red Hat rating. Red Hat rates the CVEs that affect its products.

Exploit-prediction scores from FIRST. Independent scoring and analysis status from the NVD. Vendor severity from Red Hat. Exploitation assessment and catalog membership from CISA.

Published

2025-08-15 00:32Z1 YR AGO

Last updated

2025-08-15 14:26Z1 YR AGO

Reserved

2025-08-13

Assigning CNA

VulDB

Record state

PUBLISHED

Severity

Medium (CVSS 5.3)

CNA CVSS vector

CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P

Weaknesses

• CWE-840

Data version

5.1

Document digest

66110a03776a065c2bf0988c279349fd67adae210c3d7c579049dd590143496f

• vuldb.comVDB-319987 | linlinjava litemall Business Logic express logic errorhttps://vuldb.com/?id.319987vdb-entrytechnical-description
• vuldb.comVDB-319987 | CTI Indicators (IOB, IOC, IOA)https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.319987signaturepermissions-required
• vuldb.comSubmit #628764 | linlinjava https://github.com/linlinjava/litemall <=1.8.0 Business Logic Vulnerabilityhttps://vuldb.com/?submit.628764third-party-advisory
• github.comhttps://github.com/linlinjava/litemall/issues/566issue-tracking
• github.comhttps://github.com/linlinjava/litemall/issues/566#issue-3267858791exploitissue-tracking