{ "dataType": "CVE_RECORD", "dataVersion": "5.2", "cveMetadata": { "cveId": "CVE-2025-68181", "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "state": "PUBLISHED", "assignerShortName": "Linux", "dateReserved": "2025-12-16T13:41:40.252Z", "datePublished": "2025-12-16T13:42:59.600Z", "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:10:04.239Z" }, "containers": { "cna": { "providerMetadata": { "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "shortName": "Linux", "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:10:04.239Z" }, "descriptions": [ { "lang": "en", "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\ndrm/radeon: Remove calls to drm_put_dev()\n\nSince the allocation of the drivers main structure was changed to\ndevm_drm_dev_alloc() drm_put_dev()'ing to trigger it to be free'd\nshould be done by devres.\n\nHowever, drm_put_dev() is still in the probe error and device remove\npaths. When the driver fails to probe warnings like the following are\nshown because devres is trying to drm_put_dev() after the driver\nalready did it.\n\n[ 5.642230] radeon 0000:01:05.0: probe with driver radeon failed with error -22\n[ 5.649605] ------------[ cut here ]------------\n[ 5.649607] refcount_t: underflow; use-after-free.\n[ 5.649620] WARNING: CPU: 0 PID: 357 at lib/refcount.c:28 refcount_warn_saturate+0xbe/0x110\n\n(cherry picked from commit 3eb8c0b4c091da0a623ade0d3ee7aa4a93df1ea4)" } ], "metrics": [ { "cvssV3_1": { "version": "3.1", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "baseScore": 7.8, "baseSeverity": "HIGH" }, "scenarios": [ { "lang": "en", "value": "AV:L - The vulnerable object is the radeon `drm_device`/`radeon_device` reached through local device nodes (`/dev/dri/card*`, `/dev/dri/renderD*`) and local driver bind/unbind/module teardown; there is no network-facing path into radeon_drv.c.\nAC:L - The double `drm_dev_put()` is unconditional on both the probe-error and `.remove` paths — no race to win and no memory layout the attacker cannot influence, and the attacker chooses when to touch the stale fd, giving an unbounded free-to-use window for heap grooming.\nPR:L - radeon declares `DRIVER_RENDER`, so any unprivileged local user can open the world-accessible render node and hold the `drm_dev_get()` reference whose premature release frees the object under their still-open fd, after which their own `ioctl`/`mmap`/`close` drives the use-after-free.\nUI:N - No victim action is needed — the attacker's own open fd plus a routine driver teardown (unbind, module reload, hot-unplug, or shutdown in a VM) is sufficient, and the freed object is then touched by the attacker's own syscalls.\nS:U - The corruption is confined to kernel heap memory within the same security authority; there is no VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary crossed.\nC:H - The freed `radeon_device` container can be reclaimed by attacker-sprayed data and is then read back through `drm_ioctl()`/`dev->driver` and radeon's ioctl and postclose paths, yielding an arbitrary kernel-memory read primitive.\nI:H - `refcount_dec_and_test()` writes into freed memory, and `radeon_driver_postclose_kms()` writes `rdev->hyperz_filp`/`cmask_filp` and manipulates mutexes and VM state in the freed object, giving a write primitive and function-pointer control suitable for privilege escalation.\nA:H - The bug reliably produces a refcount underflow WARN and use-after-free on driver probe failure and on every device removal, causing kernel oops/panic and GPU subsystem failure." } ] } ], "affected": [ { "product": "Linux", "vendor": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "unaffected", "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "programFiles": [ "drivers/gpu/drm/radeon/radeon_drv.c" ], "versions": [ { "version": "a9ed2f052c5c14e4be58c5ec8794dffc87588123", "lessThan": "2fa41445d8c98f2a65503c373796466496edc0e7", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "a9ed2f052c5c14e4be58c5ec8794dffc87588123", "lessThan": "ec18f6b2c743cc471b2539ddb5caed20a012e640", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "a9ed2f052c5c14e4be58c5ec8794dffc87588123", "lessThan": "745bae76acdd71709773c129a69deca01036250b", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" } ] }, { "product": "Linux", "vendor": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "affected", "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "programFiles": [ "drivers/gpu/drm/radeon/radeon_drv.c" ], "versions": [ { "version": "6.12", "status": "affected" }, { "version": "0", "lessThan": "6.12", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "6.12.58", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "6.17.8", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.17.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "6.18", "lessThanOrEqual": "*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix" } ] } ], "cpeApplicability": [ { "nodes": [ { "operator": "OR", "negate": false, "cpeMatch": [ { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "6.12", "versionEndExcluding": "6.12.58" }, { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "6.12", "versionEndExcluding": "6.17.8" }, { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "6.12", "versionEndExcluding": "6.18" } ] } ] } ], "references": [ { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/2fa41445d8c98f2a65503c373796466496edc0e7" }, { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ec18f6b2c743cc471b2539ddb5caed20a012e640" }, { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/745bae76acdd71709773c129a69deca01036250b" } ], "title": "drm/radeon: Remove calls to drm_put_dev()", "x_generator": { "engine": "bippy-1.2.0" } } } }