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01 Record

CVE-2025-5994

Cache poisoning via the ECS-enabled Rebirthday Attack

HighPUBLISHEDCNA: NLnet Labs
CNA base score8.7 CVSS v4.0CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/R:U/V:C
View raw JSON

02 Description

Cache poisoning via the ECS-enabled Rebirthday Attack

03 Exploitation and scoring

Exploitation
Assessed, none found. CISA's assessment recorded neither public exploit code nor evidence of exploitation when it was made.
SSVC decision
  • ExploitationnoneCISA recorded no public exploit code and no evidence of exploitation.
  • AutomatableyesAn attacker can reliably automate reconnaissance through exploitation, so this scales.
  • Technical ImpactpartialSuccessful exploitation gives limited control of the vulnerable component.
CISA publishes the decision points, not a final SSVC decision. The decision also depends on mission and well-being impact, which is a property of your deployment rather than of the vulnerability.
EPSS probability
0.21% probability of exploitation activity in the next 30 days.
EPSS percentile
Equal to or higher than the score of 12.2% of scored records. A rank, not a probability.
NVD base score
8.7 (CVSS v4.0), scored by the NVD independently of the CNA.
NVD CVSS vector
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:U/V:C/RE:X/U:X
NVD analysis status
Deferred. NVD last modified this record on 2026-06-17.
Red Hat severity
Important. Red Hat's rating for its own products, not a CVSS rating.

Exploit-prediction scores from FIRST. Independent scoring and analysis status from the NVD. Vendor severity from Red Hat. Exploitation assessment and catalog membership from CISA.

04 Metadata

Published
2025-07-16 14:38Z1 YR AGO
Last updated
2025-11-03 18:13Z11 MO AGO
Reserved
2025-06-11
Assigning CNA
NLnet Labs
Record state
PUBLISHED
Severity
High (CVSS 8.7)
CNA CVSS vector
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/R:U/V:C
Weaknesses
  • CWE-349Acceptance of Extraneous Untrusted Data With Trusted DataBase
Data version
5.2
Document digest
577cd52f0aa532d8f56b38bdb098dac1d9e2bd3d351366c9cc5468904dc62c90

05 Affected products

VendorProductVersionsPlatforms
NLnet LabsUnbound1.6.2 to < 1.23.0—

06 References

07 Remediation

This issue is fixed in 1.23.1 and all later versions. Not using EDNS Client Subnet (ECS) is also a mitigation for affected versions.

08 Fixed in

AlmaLinux 8

  • python3-unbound
    Fixed in 1.16.2-5.9.el8_10
  • unbound
    Fixed in 1.16.2-5.9.el8_10
  • unbound-devel
    Fixed in 1.16.2-5.9.el8_10
  • unbound-libs
    Fixed in 1.16.2-5.9.el8_10

Source: AlmaLinux, AlmaLinux OS. Copyright (c) 2023 AlmaLinux OS. Licensed under MIT License. Received through OSV.dev. Reformatted by exploit.cc.

AlmaLinux 9

  • python3-unbound
    Fixed in 1.16.2-19.el9_6.1
  • unbound
    Fixed in 1.16.2-19.el9_6.1
  • unbound-devel
    Fixed in 1.16.2-19.el9_6.1
  • unbound-dracut
    Fixed in 1.16.2-19.el9_6.1
  • unbound-libs
    Fixed in 1.16.2-19.el9_6.1

Source: AlmaLinux, AlmaLinux OS. Copyright (c) 2023 AlmaLinux OS. Licensed under MIT License. Received through OSV.dev. Reformatted by exploit.cc.

AlmaLinux 10

  • python3-unbound
    Fixed in 1.20.0-12.el10_0
  • unbound
    Fixed in 1.20.0-12.el10_0
  • unbound-anchor
    Fixed in 1.20.0-12.el10_0
  • unbound-devel
    Fixed in 1.20.0-12.el10_0
  • unbound-dracut
    Fixed in 1.20.0-12.el10_0
  • unbound-libs
    Fixed in 1.20.0-12.el10_0

Source: AlmaLinux, AlmaLinux OS. Copyright (c) 2023 AlmaLinux OS. Licensed under MIT License. Received through OSV.dev. Reformatted by exploit.cc.

CloudLinux 8

  • python3-unbound
    Fixed in 1.16.2-5.9.el8_10
  • unbound
    Fixed in 1.16.2-5.9.el8_10
  • unbound-devel
    Fixed in 1.16.2-5.9.el8_10
  • unbound-libs
    Fixed in 1.16.2-5.9.el8_10

Derived from AlmaLinux 8. Partial coverage: only packages taken from AlmaLinux 8 are listed.

Source: CloudLinux errata, CloudLinux Inc. Derived from: AlmaLinux, AlmaLinux OS. Copyright (c) 2023 AlmaLinux OS. Licensed under MIT License. Received through OSV.dev. Reformatted by exploit.cc.

CloudLinux 9

  • python3-unbound
    Fixed in 1.16.2-19.el9_6.1
  • unbound
    Fixed in 1.16.2-19.el9_6.1
  • unbound-devel
    Fixed in 1.16.2-19.el9_6.1
  • unbound-dracut
    Fixed in 1.16.2-19.el9_6.1
  • unbound-libs
    Fixed in 1.16.2-19.el9_6.1

Derived from AlmaLinux 9. Partial coverage: only packages taken from AlmaLinux 9 are listed.

Source: CloudLinux errata, CloudLinux Inc. Derived from: AlmaLinux, AlmaLinux OS. Copyright (c) 2023 AlmaLinux OS. Licensed under MIT License. Received through OSV.dev. Reformatted by exploit.cc.

CloudLinux 10

  • python3-unbound
    Fixed in 1.20.0-12.el10_0
  • unbound
    Fixed in 1.20.0-12.el10_0
  • unbound-anchor
    Fixed in 1.20.0-12.el10_0
  • unbound-devel
    Fixed in 1.20.0-12.el10_0
  • unbound-dracut
    Fixed in 1.20.0-12.el10_0
  • unbound-libs
    Fixed in 1.20.0-12.el10_0

Derived from AlmaLinux 10. Partial coverage: only packages taken from AlmaLinux 10 are listed.

Source: CloudLinux errata, CloudLinux Inc. Derived from: AlmaLinux, AlmaLinux OS. Copyright (c) 2023 AlmaLinux OS. Licensed under MIT License. Received through OSV.dev. Reformatted by exploit.cc.

Debian 12

  • unbound
    Fixed in 1.17.1-2+deb12u3

Source: Debian Security Tracker, the Debian security team. Received through OSV.dev. Reformatted by exploit.cc.

Debian 13

  • unbound
    Fixed in 1.22.0-2

Source: Debian Security Tracker, the Debian security team. Received through OSV.dev. Reformatted by exploit.cc.

Debian 14

  • unbound
    Fixed in 1.22.0-2

Source: Debian Security Tracker, the Debian security team. Received through OSV.dev. Reformatted by exploit.cc.

Ubuntu 22.04 LTS

  • unbound
    Fixed in 1.13.1-1ubuntu5.11

Source: Ubuntu, Canonical Ltd. Licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0. Received through OSV.dev. Reformatted by exploit.cc.

Ubuntu 24.04 LTS

  • unbound
    Fixed in 1.19.2-1ubuntu3.5

Source: Ubuntu, Canonical Ltd. Licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0. Received through OSV.dev. Reformatted by exploit.cc.

Ubuntu 25.10

  • unbound
    Fixed in 1.22.0-2ubuntu1

Source: Ubuntu, Canonical Ltd. Licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0. Received through OSV.dev. Reformatted by exploit.cc.

Ubuntu Pro 14.04 LTS

  • unbound
    No fix yet

Source: Ubuntu, Canonical Ltd. Licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0. Received through OSV.dev. Reformatted by exploit.cc.

Ubuntu Pro 16.04 LTS

  • unbound
    No fix yet

Source: Ubuntu, Canonical Ltd. Licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0. Received through OSV.dev. Reformatted by exploit.cc.

Ubuntu Pro 18.04 LTS

  • unbound
    No fix yet

Source: Ubuntu, Canonical Ltd. Licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0. Received through OSV.dev. Reformatted by exploit.cc.

Ubuntu Pro 20.04 LTS

  • unbound
    No fix yet

Source: Ubuntu, Canonical Ltd. Licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0. Received through OSV.dev. Reformatted by exploit.cc.

A release or ecosystem missing from this list has no record here. It may be unaffected or not covered by the source. Source notices and licences.