CVE-2025-52691

Exploitation

Exploited in the wild. Listed in the CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog on 2026-01-26. Federal remediation due 2026-02-16. Known ransomware campaign use: reported by CISA.

SSVC decision

• ExploitationactiveCISA reports credible evidence of active exploitation.
• AutomatableyesAn attacker can reliably automate reconnaissance through exploitation, so this scales.
• Technical ImpacttotalSuccessful exploitation gives total control of the vulnerable component.

CISA publishes the decision points, not a final SSVC decision. The decision also depends on mission and well-being impact, which is a property of your deployment rather than of the vulnerability.

EPSS probability

85.65% probability of exploitation activity in the next 30 days.

EPSS percentile

Equal to or higher than the score of 99.7% of scored records. A rank, not a probability.

NVD base score

10.0 (CVSS v3.x), scored by the NVD independently of the CNA.

NVD CVSS vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

NVD analysis status

Analyzed. NVD last modified this record on 2026-10-07.

Red Hat severity

No Red Hat rating. Red Hat rates the CVEs that affect its products.

Exploit-prediction scores from FIRST. Independent scoring and analysis status from the NVD. Vendor severity from Red Hat. Exploitation assessment and catalog membership from CISA.

Published

2025-12-29 02:15Z10 MO AGO

Last updated

2026-02-26 16:07Z8 MO AGO

Reserved

2025-06-19

Assigning CNA

CSA

Record state

PUBLISHED

Severity

Critical (CVSS 10.0)

CNA CVSS vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

Weaknesses

• CWE-434Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous TypeBase

Data version

5.2

Document digest

d0bd157e89dd1125dce7ba249e72d7eb5a3f84fc946392eac996269bddd3e029

• www.csa.gov.sghttps://www.csa.gov.sg/alerts-and-advisories/alerts/al-2025-124/
• github.comhttps://github.com/watchtowrlabs/watchTowr-vs-SmarterMail-CVE-2025-52691?ref=labs.watchtowr.comexploit
• www.cisa.govhttps://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2025-52691government-resource