CVE-2025-4565

Exploitation

Assessed, none found. CISA's assessment recorded neither public exploit code nor evidence of exploitation when it was made.

SSVC decision

• ExploitationnoneCISA recorded no public exploit code and no evidence of exploitation.
• AutomatableyesAn attacker can reliably automate reconnaissance through exploitation, so this scales.
• Technical ImpactpartialSuccessful exploitation gives limited control of the vulnerable component.

CISA publishes the decision points, not a final SSVC decision. The decision also depends on mission and well-being impact, which is a property of your deployment rather than of the vulnerability.

EPSS probability

0.25% probability of exploitation activity in the next 30 days.

EPSS percentile

Equal to or higher than the score of 16.9% of scored records. A rank, not a probability.

NVD base score

8.2 (CVSS v4.0), scored by the NVD independently of the CNA.

NVD CVSS vector

CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X

NVD analysis status

Analyzed. NVD last modified this record on 2026-06-17.

Red Hat severity

Moderate. Red Hat's rating for its own products, not a CVSS rating.

Exploit-prediction scores from FIRST. Independent scoring and analysis status from the NVD. Vendor severity from Red Hat. Exploitation assessment and catalog membership from CISA.

Published

2025-06-16 14:50Z1 YR AGO

Last updated

2025-06-16 15:39Z1 YR AGO

Reserved

2025-05-12

Assigning CNA

Google

Record state

PUBLISHED

Severity

High (CVSS 8.2)

CNA CVSS vector

CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

Weaknesses

• CWE-674Uncontrolled RecursionClass

Data version

5.1

Document digest

6e7b2e46d783bf8ff367df15c888267349eedfc6e7180140f00496f2bf10f191

• github.comhttps://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/commit/17838beda2943d08b8a9d4df5b68f5f04f26d901