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01 Record

CVE-2025-43920

GNU Mailman 2.1.39, as bundled in cPanel (and WHM), in certain external archiver configurations, allows unauthenticated attackers to execute arbitrary OS commands via shell metacharacters in an email

MediumPUBLISHEDCNA: mitre
CNA base score5.4 CVSS v3.xCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N
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02 Description

GNU Mailman 2.1.39, as bundled in cPanel (and WHM), in certain external archiver configurations, allows unauthenticated attackers to execute arbitrary OS commands via shell metacharacters in an email

03 Exploitation and scoring

Exploitation
Public exploit code exists. CISA's assessment records a public proof of concept. That is not a report of exploitation in the wild.
SSVC decision
  • ExploitationpocPublic proof-of-concept exploit code exists. Not a report of exploitation in the wild.
  • AutomatablenoAt least one step from reconnaissance to exploitation cannot be reliably automated.
  • Technical ImpactpartialSuccessful exploitation gives limited control of the vulnerable component.
CISA publishes the decision points, not a final SSVC decision. The decision also depends on mission and well-being impact, which is a property of your deployment rather than of the vulnerability.
EPSS probability
0.60% probability of exploitation activity in the next 30 days.
EPSS percentile
Equal to or higher than the score of 48.5% of scored records. A rank, not a probability.
NVD base score
8.1 (CVSS v3.x), scored by the NVD independently of the CNA.
NVD CVSS vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
NVD analysis status
Modified. NVD last modified this record on 2026-06-17.
Red Hat severity
No Red Hat rating. Red Hat rates the CVEs that affect its products.

Exploit-prediction scores from FIRST. Independent scoring and analysis status from the NVD. Vendor severity from Red Hat. Exploitation assessment and catalog membership from CISA.

04 Metadata

Published
2025-04-20 00:00Z1 YR AGO
Last updated
2025-04-28 13:44Z1 YR AGO
Reserved
2025-04-19
Assigning CNA
mitre
Record state
PUBLISHED
Severity
Medium (CVSS 5.4)
CNA CVSS vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N
Weaknesses
  • CWE-78Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')Base
Data version
5.1
Document digest
67689b056bbfe45ba06a92612d1f7e779715ff8383f21a18f3b8f1815e517243

05 Affected products

VendorProductVersionsPlatforms
GNUMailman2.1.39—

06 References