CVE-2025-4207
PostgreSQL GB18030 encoding validation can read one byte past end of allocation for text that fails validation
02 Description
PostgreSQL GB18030 encoding validation can read one byte past end of allocation for text that fails validation
03 Exploitation and scoring
- Exploitation
- Assessed, none found. CISA's assessment recorded neither public exploit code nor evidence of exploitation when it was made.
- SSVC decision
- ExploitationnoneCISA recorded no public exploit code and no evidence of exploitation.
- AutomatablenoAt least one step from reconnaissance to exploitation cannot be reliably automated.
- Technical ImpactpartialSuccessful exploitation gives limited control of the vulnerable component.
- EPSS probability
- 0.75% probability of exploitation activity in the next 30 days.
- EPSS percentile
- Equal to or higher than the score of 54.7% of scored records. A rank, not a probability.
- NVD base score
- 5.9 (CVSS v3.x), scored by the NVD independently of the CNA.
- NVD CVSS vector
- CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
- NVD analysis status
- Deferred. NVD last modified this record on 2026-06-17.
- Red Hat severity
- Moderate. Red Hat's rating for its own products, not a CVSS rating.
Exploit-prediction scores from FIRST. Independent scoring and analysis status from the NVD. Vendor severity from Red Hat. Exploitation assessment and catalog membership from CISA.
04 Metadata
- Published
- 2025-05-08 14:22Z1 YR AGO
- Last updated
- 2025-05-09 18:03Z1 YR AGO
- Reserved
- 2025-05-02
- Assigning CNA
- PostgreSQL
- Record state
- PUBLISHED
- Severity
- Medium (CVSS 5.9)
- CNA CVSS vector
- CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
- Weaknesses
- CWE-126Buffer Over-readVariant
- Data version
- 5.1
- Document digest
- 7ff7ccd3ce00f1a51ee73312e90759bd6f91ba8873433b5ec11a2ea499fc69a3
05 Affected products
06 References
- www.postgresql.orghttps://www.postgresql.org/support/security/CVE-2025-4207/
- lists.debian.orghttps://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/05/msg00011.html
- www.openwall.comhttp://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/05/09/3
07 Fixed in
AlmaLinux 8
- pg_repack Fixed
A version is affected if any line below covers it.
- Affected before 1.4.6-3.module_el8.6.0+2760+1746ec94
- Affected before 1.4.6-3.module_el8.6.0+3095+ee60d910
- Affected before 1.4.8-1.module_el8.9.0+3706+885c732e
- Affected before 1.5.1-1.module_el8.10.0+3930+ecf33554
- pgaudit Fixed
A version is affected if any line below covers it.
- Affected before 1.5.0-1.module_el8.6.0+2760+1746ec94
- Affected before 1.5.0-1.module_el8.6.0+3095+ee60d910
- Affected before 1.7.0-1.module_el8.9.0+3706+885c732e
- Affected before 16.0-1.module_el8.10.0+3798+606ebb9f
- postgres-decoderbufs Fixed
A version is affected if any line below covers it.
- Affected before 0.10.0-2.module_el8.6.0+2760+1746ec94
- Affected before 0.10.0-2.module_el8.6.0+3095+ee60d910
- Affected before 1.9.7-1.Final.module_el8.9.0+3706+885c732e
- Affected before 2.4.0-1.Final.module_el8.10.0+3798+606ebb9f
- postgresql Fixed
A version is affected if any line below covers it.
- Affected before 13.22-1.module_el8.10.0+4042+cb252986
- Affected before 15.14-1.module_el8.10.0+4041+afd30bb4
- Affected before 16.10-1.module_el8.10.0+4038+0fbad93c
- postgresql-contrib Fixed
A version is affected if any line below covers it.
- Affected before 13.22-1.module_el8.10.0+4042+cb252986
- Affected before 15.14-1.module_el8.10.0+4041+afd30bb4
- Affected before 16.10-1.module_el8.10.0+4038+0fbad93c
- postgresql-docs Fixed
A version is affected if any line below covers it.
- Affected before 13.22-1.module_el8.10.0+4042+cb252986
- Affected before 15.14-1.module_el8.10.0+4041+afd30bb4
- Affected before 16.10-1.module_el8.10.0+4038+0fbad93c
- postgresql-plperl Fixed
A version is affected if any line below covers it.
- Affected before 13.22-1.module_el8.10.0+4042+cb252986
- Affected before 15.14-1.module_el8.10.0+4041+afd30bb4
- Affected before 16.10-1.module_el8.10.0+4038+0fbad93c
- postgresql-plpython3 Fixed
A version is affected if any line below covers it.
- Affected before 13.22-1.module_el8.10.0+4042+cb252986
- Affected before 15.14-1.module_el8.10.0+4041+afd30bb4
- Affected before 16.10-1.module_el8.10.0+4038+0fbad93c
- postgresql-pltcl Fixed
A version is affected if any line below covers it.
- Affected before 13.22-1.module_el8.10.0+4042+cb252986
- Affected before 15.14-1.module_el8.10.0+4041+afd30bb4
- Affected before 16.10-1.module_el8.10.0+4038+0fbad93c
- postgresql-private-devel Fixed
A version is affected if any line below covers it.
- Affected before 15.14-1.module_el8.10.0+4041+afd30bb4
- Affected before 16.10-1.module_el8.10.0+4038+0fbad93c
- postgresql-private-libs Fixed
A version is affected if any line below covers it.
- Affected before 15.14-1.module_el8.10.0+4041+afd30bb4
- Affected before 16.10-1.module_el8.10.0+4038+0fbad93c
- postgresql-server Fixed
A version is affected if any line below covers it.
- Affected before 13.22-1.module_el8.10.0+4042+cb252986
- Affected before 15.14-1.module_el8.10.0+4041+afd30bb4
- Affected before 16.10-1.module_el8.10.0+4038+0fbad93c
- postgresql-server-devel Fixed
A version is affected if any line below covers it.
- Affected before 13.22-1.module_el8.10.0+4042+cb252986
- Affected before 15.14-1.module_el8.10.0+4041+afd30bb4
- Affected before 16.10-1.module_el8.10.0+4038+0fbad93c
- postgresql-static Fixed
A version is affected if any line below covers it.
- Affected before 13.22-1.module_el8.10.0+4042+cb252986
- Affected before 15.14-1.module_el8.10.0+4041+afd30bb4
- Affected before 16.10-1.module_el8.10.0+4038+0fbad93c
- postgresql-test Fixed
A version is affected if any line below covers it.
- Affected before 13.22-1.module_el8.10.0+4042+cb252986
- Affected before 15.14-1.module_el8.10.0+4041+afd30bb4
- Affected before 16.10-1.module_el8.10.0+4038+0fbad93c
- postgresql-test-rpm-macros Fixed
A version is affected if any line below covers it.
- Affected before 13.22-1.module_el8.10.0+4042+cb252986
- Affected before 15.14-1.module_el8.10.0+4041+afd30bb4
- Affected before 16.10-1.module_el8.10.0+4038+0fbad93c
- postgresql-upgrade Fixed
A version is affected if any line below covers it.
- Affected before 13.22-1.module_el8.10.0+4042+cb252986
- Affected before 15.14-1.module_el8.10.0+4041+afd30bb4
- Affected before 16.10-1.module_el8.10.0+4038+0fbad93c
- postgresql-upgrade-devel Fixed
A version is affected if any line below covers it.
- Affected before 13.22-1.module_el8.10.0+4042+cb252986
- Affected before 15.14-1.module_el8.10.0+4041+afd30bb4
- Affected before 16.10-1.module_el8.10.0+4038+0fbad93c
Source: AlmaLinux, AlmaLinux OS. Copyright (c) 2023 AlmaLinux OS. Licensed under MIT License. Received through OSV.dev. Reformatted by exploit.cc.
AlmaLinux 9
- pg_repack Fixed
A version is affected if any line below covers it.
- Affected before 1.4.8-2.module_el9.5.0+119+18833d03
- Affected before 1.5.1-1.module_el9.6.0+146+c54fdeca
- pgaudit Fixed
A version is affected if any line below covers it.
- Affected before 1.7.0-1.module_el9.3.0+52+21733919
- Affected before 16.0-1.module_el9.4.0+66+eb9878bc
- pgvector Fixed in 0.6.2-2.module_el9.6.0+167+4e561146
- postgres-decoderbufs Fixed
A version is affected if any line below covers it.
- Affected before 1.9.7-1.Final.module_el9.3.0+52+21733919
- Affected before 2.4.0-1.Final.module_el9.4.0+66+eb9878bc
- postgresql Fixed
A version is affected if any line below covers it.
- Affected before 15.14-1.module_el9.6.0+176+c508cfa2
- Affected before 16.10-1.module_el9.6.0+174+80cb77f0
- postgresql-contrib Fixed
A version is affected if any line below covers it.
- Affected before 15.14-1.module_el9.6.0+176+c508cfa2
- Affected before 16.10-1.module_el9.6.0+174+80cb77f0
- postgresql-docs Fixed
A version is affected if any line below covers it.
- Affected before 15.14-1.module_el9.6.0+176+c508cfa2
- Affected before 16.10-1.module_el9.6.0+174+80cb77f0
- postgresql-plperl Fixed
A version is affected if any line below covers it.
- Affected before 15.14-1.module_el9.6.0+176+c508cfa2
- Affected before 16.10-1.module_el9.6.0+174+80cb77f0
- postgresql-plpython3 Fixed
A version is affected if any line below covers it.
- Affected before 15.14-1.module_el9.6.0+176+c508cfa2
- Affected before 16.10-1.module_el9.6.0+174+80cb77f0
- postgresql-pltcl Fixed
A version is affected if any line below covers it.
- Affected before 15.14-1.module_el9.6.0+176+c508cfa2
- Affected before 16.10-1.module_el9.6.0+174+80cb77f0
- postgresql-private-devel Fixed
A version is affected if any line below covers it.
- Affected before 15.14-1.module_el9.6.0+176+c508cfa2
- Affected before 16.10-1.module_el9.6.0+174+80cb77f0
- postgresql-private-libs Fixed
A version is affected if any line below covers it.
- Affected before 15.14-1.module_el9.6.0+176+c508cfa2
- Affected before 16.10-1.module_el9.6.0+174+80cb77f0
- postgresql-server Fixed
A version is affected if any line below covers it.
- Affected before 15.14-1.module_el9.6.0+176+c508cfa2
- Affected before 16.10-1.module_el9.6.0+174+80cb77f0
- postgresql-server-devel Fixed
A version is affected if any line below covers it.
- Affected before 15.14-1.module_el9.6.0+176+c508cfa2
- Affected before 16.10-1.module_el9.6.0+174+80cb77f0
- postgresql-static Fixed
A version is affected if any line below covers it.
- Affected before 15.14-1.module_el9.6.0+176+c508cfa2
- Affected before 16.10-1.module_el9.6.0+174+80cb77f0
- postgresql-test Fixed
A version is affected if any line below covers it.
- Affected before 15.14-1.module_el9.6.0+176+c508cfa2
- Affected before 16.10-1.module_el9.6.0+174+80cb77f0
- postgresql-test-rpm-macros Fixed
A version is affected if any line below covers it.
- Affected before 15.14-1.module_el9.6.0+176+c508cfa2
- Affected before 16.10-1.module_el9.6.0+174+80cb77f0
- postgresql-upgrade Fixed
A version is affected if any line below covers it.
- Affected before 15.14-1.module_el9.6.0+176+c508cfa2
- Affected before 16.10-1.module_el9.6.0+174+80cb77f0
- postgresql-upgrade-devel Fixed
A version is affected if any line below covers it.
- Affected before 15.14-1.module_el9.6.0+176+c508cfa2
- Affected before 16.10-1.module_el9.6.0+174+80cb77f0
Source: AlmaLinux, AlmaLinux OS. Copyright (c) 2023 AlmaLinux OS. Licensed under MIT License. Received through OSV.dev. Reformatted by exploit.cc.
AlmaLinux 10
- postgresql-test-rpm-macros Fixed in 16.10-1.el10_0
Source: AlmaLinux, AlmaLinux OS. Copyright (c) 2023 AlmaLinux OS. Licensed under MIT License. Received through OSV.dev. Reformatted by exploit.cc.
Arch Linux
- postgresql No fix yet
Source: Arch Linux Security Tracker, the Arch Linux security team. Reformatted by exploit.cc.
CloudLinux 8
- pg_repack Fixed
A version is affected if any line below covers it.
- Affected before 1.4.6-3.module_el8.6.0+2760+1746ec94
- Affected before 1.4.6-3.module_el8.6.0+3095+ee60d910
- Affected before 1.4.8-1.module_el8.9.0+3706+885c732e
- Affected before 1.5.1-1.module_el8.10.0+3930+ecf33554
- pgaudit Fixed
A version is affected if any line below covers it.
- Affected before 1.5.0-1.module_el8.6.0+2760+1746ec94
- Affected before 1.5.0-1.module_el8.6.0+3095+ee60d910
- Affected before 1.7.0-1.module_el8.9.0+3706+885c732e
- Affected before 16.0-1.module_el8.10.0+3798+606ebb9f
- postgres-decoderbufs Fixed
A version is affected if any line below covers it.
- Affected before 0.10.0-2.module_el8.6.0+2760+1746ec94
- Affected before 0.10.0-2.module_el8.6.0+3095+ee60d910
- Affected before 1.9.7-1.Final.module_el8.9.0+3706+885c732e
- Affected before 2.4.0-1.Final.module_el8.10.0+3798+606ebb9f
- postgresql Fixed
A version is affected if any line below covers it.
- Affected before 13.22-1.module_el8.10.0+4042+cb252986
- Affected before 15.14-1.module_el8.10.0+4041+afd30bb4
- Affected before 16.10-1.module_el8.10.0+4038+0fbad93c
- postgresql-contrib Fixed
A version is affected if any line below covers it.
- Affected before 13.22-1.module_el8.10.0+4042+cb252986
- Affected before 15.14-1.module_el8.10.0+4041+afd30bb4
- Affected before 16.10-1.module_el8.10.0+4038+0fbad93c
- postgresql-docs Fixed
A version is affected if any line below covers it.
- Affected before 13.22-1.module_el8.10.0+4042+cb252986
- Affected before 15.14-1.module_el8.10.0+4041+afd30bb4
- Affected before 16.10-1.module_el8.10.0+4038+0fbad93c
- postgresql-plperl Fixed
A version is affected if any line below covers it.
- Affected before 13.22-1.module_el8.10.0+4042+cb252986
- Affected before 15.14-1.module_el8.10.0+4041+afd30bb4
- Affected before 16.10-1.module_el8.10.0+4038+0fbad93c
- postgresql-plpython3 Fixed
A version is affected if any line below covers it.
- Affected before 13.22-1.module_el8.10.0+4042+cb252986
- Affected before 15.14-1.module_el8.10.0+4041+afd30bb4
- Affected before 16.10-1.module_el8.10.0+4038+0fbad93c
- postgresql-pltcl Fixed
A version is affected if any line below covers it.
- Affected before 13.22-1.module_el8.10.0+4042+cb252986
- Affected before 15.14-1.module_el8.10.0+4041+afd30bb4
- Affected before 16.10-1.module_el8.10.0+4038+0fbad93c
- postgresql-private-devel Fixed
A version is affected if any line below covers it.
- Affected before 15.14-1.module_el8.10.0+4041+afd30bb4
- Affected before 16.10-1.module_el8.10.0+4038+0fbad93c
- postgresql-private-libs Fixed
A version is affected if any line below covers it.
- Affected before 15.14-1.module_el8.10.0+4041+afd30bb4
- Affected before 16.10-1.module_el8.10.0+4038+0fbad93c
- postgresql-server Fixed
A version is affected if any line below covers it.
- Affected before 13.22-1.module_el8.10.0+4042+cb252986
- Affected before 15.14-1.module_el8.10.0+4041+afd30bb4
- Affected before 16.10-1.module_el8.10.0+4038+0fbad93c
- postgresql-server-devel Fixed
A version is affected if any line below covers it.
- Affected before 13.22-1.module_el8.10.0+4042+cb252986
- Affected before 15.14-1.module_el8.10.0+4041+afd30bb4
- Affected before 16.10-1.module_el8.10.0+4038+0fbad93c
- postgresql-static Fixed
A version is affected if any line below covers it.
- Affected before 13.22-1.module_el8.10.0+4042+cb252986
- Affected before 15.14-1.module_el8.10.0+4041+afd30bb4
- Affected before 16.10-1.module_el8.10.0+4038+0fbad93c
- postgresql-test Fixed
A version is affected if any line below covers it.
- Affected before 13.22-1.module_el8.10.0+4042+cb252986
- Affected before 15.14-1.module_el8.10.0+4041+afd30bb4
- Affected before 16.10-1.module_el8.10.0+4038+0fbad93c
- postgresql-test-rpm-macros Fixed
A version is affected if any line below covers it.
- Affected before 13.22-1.module_el8.10.0+4042+cb252986
- Affected before 15.14-1.module_el8.10.0+4041+afd30bb4
- Affected before 16.10-1.module_el8.10.0+4038+0fbad93c
- postgresql-upgrade Fixed
A version is affected if any line below covers it.
- Affected before 13.22-1.module_el8.10.0+4042+cb252986
- Affected before 15.14-1.module_el8.10.0+4041+afd30bb4
- Affected before 16.10-1.module_el8.10.0+4038+0fbad93c
- postgresql-upgrade-devel Fixed
A version is affected if any line below covers it.
- Affected before 13.22-1.module_el8.10.0+4042+cb252986
- Affected before 15.14-1.module_el8.10.0+4041+afd30bb4
- Affected before 16.10-1.module_el8.10.0+4038+0fbad93c
Derived from AlmaLinux 8. Partial coverage: only packages taken from AlmaLinux 8 are listed.
Source: CloudLinux errata, CloudLinux Inc. Derived from: AlmaLinux, AlmaLinux OS. Copyright (c) 2023 AlmaLinux OS. Licensed under MIT License. Received through OSV.dev. Reformatted by exploit.cc.
CloudLinux 9
- pg_repack Fixed
A version is affected if any line below covers it.
- Affected before 1.4.8-2.module_el9.5.0+119+18833d03
- Affected before 1.5.1-1.module_el9.6.0+146+c54fdeca
- pgaudit Fixed
A version is affected if any line below covers it.
- Affected before 1.7.0-1.module_el9.3.0+52+21733919
- Affected before 16.0-1.module_el9.4.0+66+eb9878bc
- pgvector Fixed in 0.6.2-2.module_el9.6.0+167+4e561146
- postgres-decoderbufs Fixed
A version is affected if any line below covers it.
- Affected before 1.9.7-1.Final.module_el9.3.0+52+21733919
- Affected before 2.4.0-1.Final.module_el9.4.0+66+eb9878bc
- postgresql Fixed
A version is affected if any line below covers it.
- Affected before 15.14-1.module_el9.6.0+176+c508cfa2
- Affected before 16.10-1.module_el9.6.0+174+80cb77f0
- postgresql-contrib Fixed
A version is affected if any line below covers it.
- Affected before 15.14-1.module_el9.6.0+176+c508cfa2
- Affected before 16.10-1.module_el9.6.0+174+80cb77f0
- postgresql-docs Fixed
A version is affected if any line below covers it.
- Affected before 15.14-1.module_el9.6.0+176+c508cfa2
- Affected before 16.10-1.module_el9.6.0+174+80cb77f0
- postgresql-plperl Fixed
A version is affected if any line below covers it.
- Affected before 15.14-1.module_el9.6.0+176+c508cfa2
- Affected before 16.10-1.module_el9.6.0+174+80cb77f0
- postgresql-plpython3 Fixed
A version is affected if any line below covers it.
- Affected before 15.14-1.module_el9.6.0+176+c508cfa2
- Affected before 16.10-1.module_el9.6.0+174+80cb77f0
- postgresql-pltcl Fixed
A version is affected if any line below covers it.
- Affected before 15.14-1.module_el9.6.0+176+c508cfa2
- Affected before 16.10-1.module_el9.6.0+174+80cb77f0
- postgresql-private-devel Fixed
A version is affected if any line below covers it.
- Affected before 15.14-1.module_el9.6.0+176+c508cfa2
- Affected before 16.10-1.module_el9.6.0+174+80cb77f0
- postgresql-private-libs Fixed
A version is affected if any line below covers it.
- Affected before 15.14-1.module_el9.6.0+176+c508cfa2
- Affected before 16.10-1.module_el9.6.0+174+80cb77f0
- postgresql-server Fixed
A version is affected if any line below covers it.
- Affected before 15.14-1.module_el9.6.0+176+c508cfa2
- Affected before 16.10-1.module_el9.6.0+174+80cb77f0
- postgresql-server-devel Fixed
A version is affected if any line below covers it.
- Affected before 15.14-1.module_el9.6.0+176+c508cfa2
- Affected before 16.10-1.module_el9.6.0+174+80cb77f0
- postgresql-static Fixed
A version is affected if any line below covers it.
- Affected before 15.14-1.module_el9.6.0+176+c508cfa2
- Affected before 16.10-1.module_el9.6.0+174+80cb77f0
- postgresql-test Fixed
A version is affected if any line below covers it.
- Affected before 15.14-1.module_el9.6.0+176+c508cfa2
- Affected before 16.10-1.module_el9.6.0+174+80cb77f0
- postgresql-test-rpm-macros Fixed
A version is affected if any line below covers it.
- Affected before 15.14-1.module_el9.6.0+176+c508cfa2
- Affected before 16.10-1.module_el9.6.0+174+80cb77f0
- postgresql-upgrade Fixed
A version is affected if any line below covers it.
- Affected before 15.14-1.module_el9.6.0+176+c508cfa2
- Affected before 16.10-1.module_el9.6.0+174+80cb77f0
- postgresql-upgrade-devel Fixed
A version is affected if any line below covers it.
- Affected before 15.14-1.module_el9.6.0+176+c508cfa2
- Affected before 16.10-1.module_el9.6.0+174+80cb77f0
Derived from AlmaLinux 9. Partial coverage: only packages taken from AlmaLinux 9 are listed.
Source: CloudLinux errata, CloudLinux Inc. Derived from: AlmaLinux, AlmaLinux OS. Copyright (c) 2023 AlmaLinux OS. Licensed under MIT License. Received through OSV.dev. Reformatted by exploit.cc.
CloudLinux 10
- postgresql-test-rpm-macros Fixed in 16.10-1.el10_0
Derived from AlmaLinux 10. Partial coverage: only packages taken from AlmaLinux 10 are listed.
Source: CloudLinux errata, CloudLinux Inc. Derived from: AlmaLinux, AlmaLinux OS. Copyright (c) 2023 AlmaLinux OS. Licensed under MIT License. Received through OSV.dev. Reformatted by exploit.cc.
Debian 12
- postgresql-15 Fixed in 15.13-0+deb12u1
Source: Debian Security Tracker, the Debian security team. Received through OSV.dev. Reformatted by exploit.cc.
Debian 13
- postgresql-17 Fixed in 17.5-1
Source: Debian Security Tracker, the Debian security team. Received through OSV.dev. Reformatted by exploit.cc.
Ubuntu 20.04 LTS
- postgresql-12 Fixed in 12.22-0ubuntu0.20.04.4
Source: Ubuntu, Canonical Ltd. Licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0. Received through OSV.dev. Reformatted by exploit.cc.
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS
- postgresql-14 Fixed in 14.18-0ubuntu0.22.04.1
Source: Ubuntu, Canonical Ltd. Licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0. Received through OSV.dev. Reformatted by exploit.cc.
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS
- postgresql-16 Fixed in 16.9-0ubuntu0.24.04.1
Source: Ubuntu, Canonical Ltd. Licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0. Received through OSV.dev. Reformatted by exploit.cc.
Ubuntu Pro 14.04 LTS
- postgresql-9.3 No fix yet
Source: Ubuntu, Canonical Ltd. Licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0. Received through OSV.dev. Reformatted by exploit.cc.
Ubuntu Pro 16.04 LTS
- postgresql-9.5 No fix yet
Source: Ubuntu, Canonical Ltd. Licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0. Received through OSV.dev. Reformatted by exploit.cc.
Ubuntu Pro 18.04 LTS
- postgresql-10 No fix yet
Source: Ubuntu, Canonical Ltd. Licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0. Received through OSV.dev. Reformatted by exploit.cc.
A release or ecosystem missing from this list has no record here. It may be unaffected or not covered by the source. Source notices and licences.