{
    "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
    "dataVersion": "5.2",
    "cveMetadata": {
        "cveId": "CVE-2025-40120",
        "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "state": "PUBLISHED",
        "assignerShortName": "Linux",
        "dateReserved": "2025-04-16T07:20:57.169Z",
        "datePublished": "2025-11-12T10:23:18.726Z",
        "dateUpdated": "2026-05-11T21:43:02.326Z"
    },
    "containers": {
        "cna": {
            "providerMetadata": {
                "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
                "shortName": "Linux",
                "dateUpdated": "2026-05-11T21:43:02.326Z"
            },
            "descriptions": [
                {
                    "lang": "en",
                    "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnet: usb: asix: hold PM usage ref to avoid PM/MDIO + RTNL deadlock\n\nPrevent USB runtime PM (autosuspend) for AX88772* in bind.\n\nusbnet enables runtime PM (autosuspend) by default, so disabling it via\nthe usb_driver flag is ineffective. On AX88772B, autosuspend shows no\nmeasurable power saving with current driver (no link partner, admin\nup/down). The ~0.453 W -> ~0.248 W drop on v6.1 comes from phylib powering\nthe PHY off on admin-down, not from USB autosuspend.\n\nThe real hazard is that with runtime PM enabled, ndo_open() (under RTNL)\nmay synchronously trigger autoresume (usb_autopm_get_interface()) into\nasix_resume() while the USB PM lock is held. Resume paths then invoke\nphylink/phylib and MDIO, which also expect RTNL, leading to possible\ndeadlocks or PM lock vs MDIO wake issues.\n\nTo avoid this, keep the device runtime-PM active by taking a usage\nreference in ax88772_bind() and dropping it in unbind(). A non-zero PM\nusage count blocks runtime suspend regardless of userspace policy\n(.../power/control - pm_runtime_allow/forbid), making this approach\nrobust against sysfs overrides.\n\nHolding a runtime-PM usage ref does not affect system-wide suspend;\nsystem sleep/resume callbacks continue to run as before."
                }
            ],
            "affected": [
                {
                    "product": "Linux",
                    "vendor": "Linux",
                    "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
                    "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
                    "programFiles": [
                        "drivers/net/usb/asix_devices.c"
                    ],
                    "versions": [
                        {
                            "version": "4a2c7217cd5a87e85ceb761e307b030fe6db4805",
                            "lessThan": "71a0ba7fdaf8d035426912a4ed7bf1738a81010c",
                            "status": "affected",
                            "versionType": "git"
                        },
                        {
                            "version": "4a2c7217cd5a87e85ceb761e307b030fe6db4805",
                            "lessThan": "3e96cd27ff1a004d84908c1b6cc68ac60913874e",
                            "status": "affected",
                            "versionType": "git"
                        },
                        {
                            "version": "4a2c7217cd5a87e85ceb761e307b030fe6db4805",
                            "lessThan": "724a9db84188f80ef60b1f21cc7b4e9c84e0cb64",
                            "status": "affected",
                            "versionType": "git"
                        },
                        {
                            "version": "4a2c7217cd5a87e85ceb761e307b030fe6db4805",
                            "lessThan": "1534517300e12f2930b6ff477b8820ff658afd11",
                            "status": "affected",
                            "versionType": "git"
                        },
                        {
                            "version": "4a2c7217cd5a87e85ceb761e307b030fe6db4805",
                            "lessThan": "9d8bcaf6fae1bd82bc27ec09a2694497e6f6c4b4",
                            "status": "affected",
                            "versionType": "git"
                        },
                        {
                            "version": "4a2c7217cd5a87e85ceb761e307b030fe6db4805",
                            "lessThan": "3d3c4cd5c62f24bb3cb4511b7a95df707635e00a",
                            "status": "affected",
                            "versionType": "git"
                        }
                    ]
                },
                {
                    "product": "Linux",
                    "vendor": "Linux",
                    "defaultStatus": "affected",
                    "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
                    "programFiles": [
                        "drivers/net/usb/asix_devices.c"
                    ],
                    "versions": [
                        {
                            "version": "5.14",
                            "status": "affected"
                        },
                        {
                            "version": "0",
                            "lessThan": "5.14",
                            "status": "unaffected",
                            "versionType": "semver"
                        },
                        {
                            "version": "5.15.195",
                            "lessThanOrEqual": "5.15.*",
                            "status": "unaffected",
                            "versionType": "semver"
                        },
                        {
                            "version": "6.1.156",
                            "lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*",
                            "status": "unaffected",
                            "versionType": "semver"
                        },
                        {
                            "version": "6.6.112",
                            "lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*",
                            "status": "unaffected",
                            "versionType": "semver"
                        },
                        {
                            "version": "6.12.53",
                            "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*",
                            "status": "unaffected",
                            "versionType": "semver"
                        },
                        {
                            "version": "6.17.3",
                            "lessThanOrEqual": "6.17.*",
                            "status": "unaffected",
                            "versionType": "semver"
                        },
                        {
                            "version": "6.18",
                            "lessThanOrEqual": "*",
                            "status": "unaffected",
                            "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
                        }
                    ]
                }
            ],
            "cpeApplicability": [
                {
                    "nodes": [
                        {
                            "operator": "OR",
                            "negate": false,
                            "cpeMatch": [
                                {
                                    "vulnerable": true,
                                    "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                                    "versionStartIncluding": "5.14",
                                    "versionEndExcluding": "5.15.195"
                                },
                                {
                                    "vulnerable": true,
                                    "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                                    "versionStartIncluding": "5.14",
                                    "versionEndExcluding": "6.1.156"
                                },
                                {
                                    "vulnerable": true,
                                    "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                                    "versionStartIncluding": "5.14",
                                    "versionEndExcluding": "6.6.112"
                                },
                                {
                                    "vulnerable": true,
                                    "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                                    "versionStartIncluding": "5.14",
                                    "versionEndExcluding": "6.12.53"
                                },
                                {
                                    "vulnerable": true,
                                    "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                                    "versionStartIncluding": "5.14",
                                    "versionEndExcluding": "6.17.3"
                                },
                                {
                                    "vulnerable": true,
                                    "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                                    "versionStartIncluding": "5.14",
                                    "versionEndExcluding": "6.18"
                                }
                            ]
                        }
                    ]
                }
            ],
            "references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/71a0ba7fdaf8d035426912a4ed7bf1738a81010c"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3e96cd27ff1a004d84908c1b6cc68ac60913874e"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/724a9db84188f80ef60b1f21cc7b4e9c84e0cb64"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1534517300e12f2930b6ff477b8820ff658afd11"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/9d8bcaf6fae1bd82bc27ec09a2694497e6f6c4b4"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3d3c4cd5c62f24bb3cb4511b7a95df707635e00a"
                }
            ],
            "title": "net: usb: asix: hold PM usage ref to avoid PM/MDIO + RTNL deadlock",
            "x_generator": {
                "engine": "bippy-1.2.0"
            }
        }
    }
}