{ "dataType": "CVE_RECORD", "dataVersion": "5.2", "cveMetadata": { "cveId": "CVE-2025-39949", "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "state": "PUBLISHED", "assignerShortName": "Linux", "dateReserved": "2025-04-16T07:20:57.148Z", "datePublished": "2025-10-04T07:31:10.164Z", "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:06:23.545Z" }, "containers": { "cna": { "providerMetadata": { "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "shortName": "Linux", "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:06:23.545Z" }, "descriptions": [ { "lang": "en", "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nqed: Don't collect too many protection override GRC elements\n\nIn the protection override dump path, the firmware can return far too\nmany GRC elements, resulting in attempting to write past the end of the\npreviously-kmalloc'ed dump buffer.\n\nThis will result in a kernel panic with reason:\n\n BUG: unable to handle kernel paging request at ADDRESS\n\nwhere \"ADDRESS\" is just past the end of the protection override dump\nbuffer. The start address of the buffer is:\n p_hwfn->cdev->dbg_features[DBG_FEATURE_PROTECTION_OVERRIDE].dump_buf\nand the size of the buffer is buf_size in the same data structure.\n\nThe panic can be arrived at from either the qede Ethernet driver path:\n\n [exception RIP: qed_grc_dump_addr_range+0x108]\n qed_protection_override_dump at ffffffffc02662ed [qed]\n qed_dbg_protection_override_dump at ffffffffc0267792 [qed]\n qed_dbg_feature at ffffffffc026aa8f [qed]\n qed_dbg_all_data at ffffffffc026b211 [qed]\n qed_fw_fatal_reporter_dump at ffffffffc027298a [qed]\n devlink_health_do_dump at ffffffff82497f61\n devlink_health_report at ffffffff8249cf29\n qed_report_fatal_error at ffffffffc0272baf [qed]\n qede_sp_task at ffffffffc045ed32 [qede]\n process_one_work at ffffffff81d19783\n\nor the qedf storage driver path:\n\n [exception RIP: qed_grc_dump_addr_range+0x108]\n qed_protection_override_dump at ffffffffc068b2ed [qed]\n qed_dbg_protection_override_dump at ffffffffc068c792 [qed]\n qed_dbg_feature at ffffffffc068fa8f [qed]\n qed_dbg_all_data at ffffffffc0690211 [qed]\n qed_fw_fatal_reporter_dump at ffffffffc069798a [qed]\n devlink_health_do_dump at ffffffff8aa95e51\n devlink_health_report at ffffffff8aa9ae19\n qed_report_fatal_error at ffffffffc0697baf [qed]\n qed_hw_err_notify at ffffffffc06d32d7 [qed]\n qed_spq_post at ffffffffc06b1011 [qed]\n qed_fcoe_destroy_conn at ffffffffc06b2e91 [qed]\n qedf_cleanup_fcport at ffffffffc05e7597 [qedf]\n qedf_rport_event_handler at ffffffffc05e7bf7 [qedf]\n fc_rport_work at ffffffffc02da715 [libfc]\n process_one_work at ffffffff8a319663\n\nResolve this by clamping the firmware's return value to the maximum\nnumber of legal elements the firmware should return." } ], "metrics": [ { "cvssV3_1": { "version": "3.1", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "baseScore": 7.8, "baseSeverity": "HIGH" }, "scenarios": [ { "lang": "en", "value": "AV:L - The overflow is reached through local interfaces — the ethtool ioctl (ETHTOOL_GREGS / ETHTOOL_GET_DUMP_DATA) on the qede PF netdev, or the devlink health dump netlink command — not from any remotely supplied data. No network peer input reaches `qed_protection_override_dump()`.\nAC:L - Once the adapter is in the state where the firmware reports more than 20 valid override-window elements — a recurring real-world condition evidenced by production panics from two independent driver paths (qede and qedf) — an attacker triggers the unclamped write deterministically by simply issuing `ethtool -d`, with no race to win and no memory-layout grooming required.\nPR:L - `ETHTOOL_GREGS`/`ETHTOOL_GET_DUMP_DATA` fall through to `ns_capable(net->user_ns, CAP_NET_ADMIN)` in net/ethtool/ioctl.c:3304, which is user-namespace scoped, so a host-unprivileged user who is root in a userns-owned netns holding the delegated PF can invoke the dump; no real init-namespace root is needed.\nUI:N - The attacker issues the ethtool/devlink dump themselves with no victim participation, and the qed_report_fatal_error() → devlink_health_report() path reaches the same code with no user action whatsoever.\nS:U - The out-of-bounds write corrupts kernel memory within the same security authority as the kernel itself; no hypervisor, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary is crossed.\nC:H - Beyond the write, the inflated `dumped_dwords` makes `format_feature()` decode data past the end of the undersized buffer and `qed_dbg_all_data()` mis-advance its offset, so adjacent kernel memory is parsed into the regdump/results text returned to userspace — an unbounded kernel memory disclosure primitive.\nI:H - This is an unbounded out-of-bounds write: the firmware-supplied element count multiplied by 2 is used directly as the dword length written into a 40-dword buffer, overwriting adjacent kernel memory with device register content, and the inflated size also drives further OOB writes into the outer caller buffer.\nA:H - The commit documents the concrete outcome as a kernel panic — \"BUG: unable to handle kernel paging request\" at `qed_grc_dump_addr_range+0x108` — observed in the field from both the qede Ethernet and qedf FCoE dump paths." } ] } ], "affected": [ { "product": "Linux", "vendor": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "unaffected", "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "programFiles": [ "drivers/net/ethernet/qlogic/qed/qed_debug.c" ], "versions": [ { "version": "d52c89f120de849575f6b2e5948038f2be12ce6f", "lessThan": "25672c620421fa2105703a94a29a03487245e6d6", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "d52c89f120de849575f6b2e5948038f2be12ce6f", "lessThan": "e0e24571a7b2f8c8f06e25d3417253ebbdbc8d5c", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "d52c89f120de849575f6b2e5948038f2be12ce6f", "lessThan": "8141910869596b7a3a5d9b46107da2191d523f82", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "d52c89f120de849575f6b2e5948038f2be12ce6f", "lessThan": "ea53e6a47e148b490b1c652fc65d2de5a086df76", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "d52c89f120de849575f6b2e5948038f2be12ce6f", "lessThan": "660b2a8f5a306a28c7efc1b4990ecc4912a68f87", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "d52c89f120de849575f6b2e5948038f2be12ce6f", "lessThan": "70affe82e38fd3dc76b9c68b5a1989f11e7fa0f3", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "d52c89f120de849575f6b2e5948038f2be12ce6f", "lessThan": "56c0a2a9ddc2f5b5078c5fb0f81ab76bbc3d4c37", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" } ] }, { "product": "Linux", "vendor": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "affected", "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "programFiles": [ "drivers/net/ethernet/qlogic/qed/qed_debug.c" ], "versions": [ { "version": "4.18", "status": "affected" }, { "version": "0", "lessThan": "4.18", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "5.10.245", "lessThanOrEqual": "5.10.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "5.15.194", "lessThanOrEqual": "5.15.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "6.1.154", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "6.6.108", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "6.12.49", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "6.16.9", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.16.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "6.17", "lessThanOrEqual": "*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix" } ] } ], "cpeApplicability": [ { "nodes": [ { "operator": "OR", "negate": false, "cpeMatch": [ { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "4.18", "versionEndExcluding": "5.10.245" }, { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "4.18", "versionEndExcluding": "5.15.194" }, { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "4.18", "versionEndExcluding": "6.1.154" }, { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "4.18", "versionEndExcluding": "6.6.108" }, { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "4.18", "versionEndExcluding": "6.12.49" }, { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "4.18", "versionEndExcluding": "6.16.9" }, { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "4.18", "versionEndExcluding": "6.17" } ] } ] } ], "references": [ { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/25672c620421fa2105703a94a29a03487245e6d6" }, { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e0e24571a7b2f8c8f06e25d3417253ebbdbc8d5c" }, { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8141910869596b7a3a5d9b46107da2191d523f82" }, { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ea53e6a47e148b490b1c652fc65d2de5a086df76" }, { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/660b2a8f5a306a28c7efc1b4990ecc4912a68f87" }, { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/70affe82e38fd3dc76b9c68b5a1989f11e7fa0f3" }, { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/56c0a2a9ddc2f5b5078c5fb0f81ab76bbc3d4c37" } ], "title": "qed: Don't collect too many protection override GRC elements", "x_generator": { "engine": "bippy-1.2.0" } }, "adp": [ { "metrics": [ { "other": { "type": "ssvc", "content": { "id": "CVE-2025-39949", "role": "CISA Coordinator", "options": [ { "Exploitation": "none" }, { "Automatable": "no" }, { "Technical Impact": "partial" } ], "version": "2.0.3", "timestamp": "2026-06-10T20:42:03.679613Z" } } } ], "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment", "providerMetadata": { "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0", "shortName": "CISA-ADP", "dateUpdated": "2026-06-11T18:44:18.906Z" } } ] } }