{ "dataType": "CVE_RECORD", "dataVersion": "5.2", "cveMetadata": { "cveId": "CVE-2025-39826", "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "state": "PUBLISHED", "assignerShortName": "Linux", "dateReserved": "2025-04-16T07:20:57.140Z", "datePublished": "2025-09-16T13:00:24.618Z", "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:05:28.135Z" }, "containers": { "cna": { "providerMetadata": { "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "shortName": "Linux", "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:05:28.135Z" }, "descriptions": [ { "lang": "en", "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnet: rose: convert 'use' field to refcount_t\n\nThe 'use' field in struct rose_neigh is used as a reference counter but\nlacks atomicity. This can lead to race conditions where a rose_neigh\nstructure is freed while still being referenced by other code paths.\n\nFor example, when rose_neigh->use becomes zero during an ioctl operation\nvia rose_rt_ioctl(), the structure may be removed while its timer is\nstill active, potentially causing use-after-free issues.\n\nThis patch changes the type of 'use' from unsigned short to refcount_t and\nupdates all code paths to use rose_neigh_hold() and rose_neigh_put() which\noperate reference counts atomically." } ], "metrics": [ { "cvssV3_1": { "version": "3.1", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "baseScore": 8.8, "baseSeverity": "HIGH" }, "scenarios": [ { "lang": "en", "value": "AV:A - The `use` counter is manipulated from `rose_route_frame()` and `rose_rx_call_request()`, which process ROSE frames received from unauthenticated AX.25 peers on the same radio link or LAN segment (AX.25 also rides Ethernet via ETH_P_BPQ/bpqether). This is link-layer, not internet-routable, so Adjacent rather than Network.\nAC:L - The attacker controls both sides of the race by flooding CALL_REQUEST/CLEAR_REQUEST frames that concurrently drive locked increments in softirq and unlocked decrements in `rose_timer_expiry()`/`rose_kill_by_neigh()`, and the `rose_get_neigh()` window in `rose_connect()` is wide (includes a GFP_KERNEL allocation). Per guidance, races the attacker creates and UAFs are Low.\nPR:N - ROSE/AX.25 provides no authentication, so a peer injecting frames on the segment needs no credentials to reach `rose_route_frame()`/`rose_rx_call_request()` and drive the non-atomic counter. The CAP_NET_ADMIN route ioctls are the admin/victim side of the race, not a privilege the attacker must hold.\nUI:N - Exploitation requires only received frames and ordinary ROSE connection churn on a system with ROSE routing configured; no action by any local user is needed.\nS:U - The corruption is confined to kernel heap objects within the same security authority; there is no crossing of a VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary.\nC:H - The use-after-free lets the attacker reclaim the freed `rose_neigh` with controlled data and have the kernel read it back through socket, route, timer and skb-queue references, enabling kernel memory disclosure.\nI:H - Stale `rose->neighbour`, `rose_route->neigh1/neigh2` and `rose_neigh_put()` on the freed object give arbitrary write and double-free primitives, and the embedded `timer_list` function pointers make control-flow hijack plausible.\nA:H - The freed `rose_neigh` still has armed `ftimer`/`t0timer` and live pointers from sockets and routes, so the UAF reliably produces kernel oops/panic and can be re-triggered at will." } ] } ], "affected": [ { "product": "Linux", "vendor": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "unaffected", "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "programFiles": [ "include/net/rose.h", "net/rose/af_rose.c", "net/rose/rose_in.c", "net/rose/rose_route.c", "net/rose/rose_timer.c" ], "versions": [ { "version": "1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2", "lessThan": "fb07156cc0742ba4e93dfcc84280c011d05b301f", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2", "lessThan": "f8c29fc437d03a98fb075c31c5be761cc8326284", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2", "lessThan": "0085b250fcc79f900c82a69980ec2f3e1871823b", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2", "lessThan": "203e4f42596ede31498744018716a3db6dbb7f51", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2", "lessThan": "d860d1faa6b2ce3becfdb8b0c2b048ad31800061", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" } ] }, { "product": "Linux", "vendor": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "affected", "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "programFiles": [ "include/net/rose.h", "net/rose/af_rose.c", "net/rose/rose_in.c", "net/rose/rose_route.c", "net/rose/rose_timer.c" ], "versions": [ { "version": "2.6.12", "status": "affected" }, { "version": "0", "lessThan": "2.6.12", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "6.1.150", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "6.6.104", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "6.12.45", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "6.16.5", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.16.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "6.17", "lessThanOrEqual": "*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix" } ] } ], "cpeApplicability": [ { "nodes": [ { "operator": "OR", "negate": false, "cpeMatch": [ { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "2.6.12", "versionEndExcluding": "6.1.150" }, { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "2.6.12", "versionEndExcluding": "6.6.104" }, { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "2.6.12", "versionEndExcluding": "6.12.45" }, { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "2.6.12", "versionEndExcluding": "6.16.5" }, { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "2.6.12", "versionEndExcluding": "6.17" } ] } ] } ], "references": [ { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/fb07156cc0742ba4e93dfcc84280c011d05b301f" }, { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f8c29fc437d03a98fb075c31c5be761cc8326284" }, { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/0085b250fcc79f900c82a69980ec2f3e1871823b" }, { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/203e4f42596ede31498744018716a3db6dbb7f51" }, { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d860d1faa6b2ce3becfdb8b0c2b048ad31800061" } ], "title": "net: rose: convert 'use' field to refcount_t", "x_generator": { "engine": "bippy-1.2.0" } }, "adp": [ { "title": "CVE Program Container", "references": [ { "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/10/msg00008.html" } ], "providerMetadata": { "orgId": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108", "shortName": "CVE", "dateUpdated": "2025-11-03T17:43:47.184Z" } }, { "x_adpType": "supplier", "providerMetadata": { "orgId": "0b142b55-0307-4c5a-b3c9-f314f3fb7c5e", "shortName": "siemens-SADP", "dateUpdated": "2026-07-14T12:42:58.519Z" }, "affected": [ { "vendor": "Siemens", "product": "SIMATIC CN 4100", "versions": [ { "status": "affected", "version": "0", "lessThan": "V5.0", "versionType": "custom" } ], "defaultStatus": "unknown" }, { "vendor": "Siemens", "product": "SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518-4 PN/DP MFP", "versions": [ { "status": "affected", "version": "V3.1.6", "lessThan": "*", "versionType": "custom" } ], "defaultStatus": "unknown" }, { "vendor": "Siemens", "product": "SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518-4 PN/DP MFP", "versions": [ { "status": "affected", "version": "V3.1.6", "lessThan": "*", "versionType": "custom" } ], "defaultStatus": "unknown" }, { "vendor": "Siemens", "product": "SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518F-4 PN/DP MFP", "versions": [ { "status": "affected", "version": "V3.1.6", "lessThan": "*", "versionType": "custom" } ], "defaultStatus": "unknown" }, { "vendor": "Siemens", "product": "SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518F-4 PN/DP MFP", "versions": [ { "status": "affected", "version": "V3.1.6", "lessThan": "*", "versionType": "custom" } ], "defaultStatus": "unknown" }, { "vendor": "Siemens", "product": "SIPLUS S7-1500 CPU 1518-4 PN/DP MFP", "versions": [ { "status": "affected", "version": "V3.1.6", "lessThan": "*", "versionType": "custom" } ], "defaultStatus": "unknown" } ], "references": [ { "url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-032379.html" }, { "url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-019113.html" } ] } ] } }