{ "dataType": "CVE_RECORD", "dataVersion": "5.2", "cveMetadata": { "cveId": "CVE-2025-38678", "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "state": "PUBLISHED", "assignerShortName": "Linux", "dateReserved": "2025-04-16T04:51:24.031Z", "datePublished": "2025-09-03T13:01:15.799Z", "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:03:54.678Z" }, "containers": { "cna": { "providerMetadata": { "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "shortName": "Linux", "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:03:54.678Z" }, "descriptions": [ { "lang": "en", "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnetfilter: nf_tables: reject duplicate device on updates\n\nA chain/flowtable update with duplicated devices in the same batch is\npossible. Unfortunately, netdev event path only removes the first\ndevice that is found, leaving unregistered the hook of the duplicated\ndevice.\n\nCheck if a duplicated device exists in the transaction batch, bail out\nwith EEXIST in such case.\n\nWARNING is hit when unregistering the hook:\n\n [49042.221275] WARNING: CPU: 4 PID: 8425 at net/netfilter/core.c:340 nf_hook_entry_head+0xaa/0x150\n [49042.221375] CPU: 4 UID: 0 PID: 8425 Comm: nft Tainted: G S 6.16.0+ #170 PREEMPT(full)\n [...]\n [49042.221382] RIP: 0010:nf_hook_entry_head+0xaa/0x150" } ], "metrics": [ { "cvssV3_1": { "version": "3.1", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "baseScore": 7.8, "baseSeverity": "HIGH" }, "scenarios": [ { "lang": "en", "value": "AV:L - The vulnerability is triggered through an nftables netlink batch on NETLINK_NETFILTER (NFNL_SUBSYS_NFTABLES) followed by a local netdev removal, both of which require local system access. Per kernel guidance, netfilter/nftables netlink configuration paths are Local.\nAC:L - The attacker deterministically constructs the condition by submitting a single batch containing two chain-update (or flowtable-update) messages naming the same device, then deleting that device; no race and no uncontrolled state is involved. CONFIG_NETFILTER_INGRESS and netdev-family chains are standard in distribution kernels.\nPR:L - nfnetlink only requires CAP_NET_ADMIN relative to the socket netns's user namespace (netlink_net_capable -> netlink_ns_capable with sock_net(skb->sk)->user_ns), so an unprivileged user gains it with unshare -Urn and can create dummy/veth devices, netdev chains and flowtables there. This is Low, not High.\nUI:N - The attacker performs every step — the duplicate-device batch, the commit, and the device removal — with no action from any other user or administrator.\nS:U - The corruption and its consequences stay within the kernel's own security authority; no VM, IOMMU, or hypervisor boundary is crossed. Escalation from a user namespace to kernel privileges is standard kernel privilege escalation, scored Unchanged.\nC:H - The stranded nf_hook_ops retains a dangling ops->dev, and nf_hook_entry_head() dereferences the freed net_device (dev_net(dev)) on the next unregister — a use-after-free read. UAF of a groomable slab object gives the attacker control over the freed contents and an arbitrary-read path, so High.\nI:H - If the freed net_device is sprayed so nd_net matches, nf_hook_entry_head() returns a pointer into freed memory and __nf_unregister_net_hook()/nf_remove_net_hook()/__nf_hook_entries_tr y_shrink() then dereference and write through it, yielding a use-after-free write with an attacker-influenced nf_hook_entries pointer. The CHANGENAME variant also leaves a live ingress hook with ops->hook/ops->priv on freed basechain memory, reachable for control-flow hijack.\nA:H - The bug is confirmed to hit WARNING at nf_hook_entry_head+0xaa (net/netfilter/core.c) in the reporter's trace, and the underlying use-after-free on struct net_device causes oops/panic under KASAN or slab reuse. Any kernel crash is High." } ] } ], "affected": [ { "product": "Linux", "vendor": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "unaffected", "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "programFiles": [ "net/netfilter/nf_tables_api.c" ], "versions": [ { "version": "78d9f48f7f44431a25da2b46b3a8812f6ff2b981", "lessThan": "0521e694d5b80899fba8695881a6349f9bc538cb", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "78d9f48f7f44431a25da2b46b3a8812f6ff2b981", "lessThan": "4681960bc0f4f8bcc782cbf2fd205f48ad314dfd", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "78d9f48f7f44431a25da2b46b3a8812f6ff2b981", "lessThan": "4ce2a0c3b8497a66cfc25fc7ca3d087258a785d2", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "78d9f48f7f44431a25da2b46b3a8812f6ff2b981", "lessThan": "3f358a66a04513311668ea4b40f5064e253d8386", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "78d9f48f7f44431a25da2b46b3a8812f6ff2b981", "lessThan": "cf23d531a9d496863aa4c5a0e2f71f0a23f3df3c", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "78d9f48f7f44431a25da2b46b3a8812f6ff2b981", "lessThan": "d7615bde541f16517d6790412da6ec46fa8a4c1f", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "78d9f48f7f44431a25da2b46b3a8812f6ff2b981", "lessThan": "cf5fb87fcdaaaafec55dcc0dc5a9e15ead343973", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" } ] }, { "product": "Linux", "vendor": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "affected", "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "programFiles": [ "net/netfilter/nf_tables_api.c" ], "versions": [ { "version": "5.8", "status": "affected" }, { "version": "0", "lessThan": "5.8", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "5.10.247", "lessThanOrEqual": "5.10.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "5.15.197", "lessThanOrEqual": "5.15.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "6.1.159", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "6.6.117", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "6.12.59", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "6.16.2", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.16.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "6.17", "lessThanOrEqual": "*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix" } ] } ], "cpeApplicability": [ { "nodes": [ { "operator": "OR", "negate": false, "cpeMatch": [ { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "5.8", "versionEndExcluding": "5.10.247" }, { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "5.8", "versionEndExcluding": "5.15.197" }, { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "5.8", "versionEndExcluding": "6.1.159" }, { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "5.8", "versionEndExcluding": "6.6.117" }, { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "5.8", "versionEndExcluding": "6.12.59" }, { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "5.8", "versionEndExcluding": "6.16.2" }, { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "5.8", "versionEndExcluding": "6.17" } ] } ] } ], "references": [ { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/0521e694d5b80899fba8695881a6349f9bc538cb" }, { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4681960bc0f4f8bcc782cbf2fd205f48ad314dfd" }, { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4ce2a0c3b8497a66cfc25fc7ca3d087258a785d2" }, { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3f358a66a04513311668ea4b40f5064e253d8386" }, { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/cf23d531a9d496863aa4c5a0e2f71f0a23f3df3c" }, { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d7615bde541f16517d6790412da6ec46fa8a4c1f" }, { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/cf5fb87fcdaaaafec55dcc0dc5a9e15ead343973" } ], "title": "netfilter: nf_tables: reject duplicate device on updates", "x_generator": { "engine": "bippy-1.2.0" } } } }