{ "dataType": "CVE_RECORD", "dataVersion": "5.2", "cveMetadata": { "cveId": "CVE-2025-38461", "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "state": "PUBLISHED", "assignerShortName": "Linux", "dateReserved": "2025-04-16T04:51:24.020Z", "datePublished": "2025-07-25T15:27:39.322Z", "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:02:04.689Z" }, "containers": { "cna": { "providerMetadata": { "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "shortName": "Linux", "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:02:04.689Z" }, "descriptions": [ { "lang": "en", "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nvsock: Fix transport_* TOCTOU\n\nTransport assignment may race with module unload. Protect new_transport\nfrom becoming a stale pointer.\n\nThis also takes care of an insecure call in vsock_use_local_transport();\nadd a lockdep assert.\n\nBUG: unable to handle page fault for address: fffffbfff8056000\nOops: Oops: 0000 [#1] SMP KASAN\nRIP: 0010:vsock_assign_transport+0x366/0x600\nCall Trace:\n vsock_connect+0x59c/0xc40\n __sys_connect+0xe8/0x100\n __x64_sys_connect+0x6e/0xc0\n do_syscall_64+0x92/0x1c0\n entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x4b/0x53" } ], "metrics": [ { "cvssV3_1": { "version": "3.1", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "baseScore": 7, "baseSeverity": "HIGH" }, "scenarios": [ { "lang": "en", "value": "AV:L - The vulnerable code is reached through the AF_VSOCK socket API — `socket(AF_VSOCK, SOCK_DGRAM)` and `connect()` — which requires a local execution context on the target system. Per kernel scoring convention vsock is treated as a local attack vector even though the listener path is also driven by peer packets.\nAC:H - The attacker fully controls one side of the race (a tight `connect()`/`socket()` loop, and can widen the window via transport reassignment through `release()`/`destruct()`), but the other side requires a concurrent vsock transport module unload, which is gated by `capable(CAP_SYS_MODULE)` in the init user namespace and therefore cannot be induced by the attacker at will.\nPR:L - Creating an AF_VSOCK socket and calling connect() requires no capabilities whatsoever — there is no `capable()` gate on `vsock_create()` or `vsock_connect()` — so any unprivileged local user, including one inside an unprivileged container, can drive the racing side.\nUI:N - The attacker's exploitation path is pure syscall activity with no victim action required; the administrative module unload is a system-state precondition already accounted for in Attack Complexity and is not double-counted here.\nS:U - The stale-pointer dereference, wild write and indirect calls all occur in the host kernel's own security authority, which is the same authority that manages the vsock socket. This is standard kernel-level compromise with no crossing of a VM, IOMMU or sandbox boundary.\nC:H - This is a use-after-free on freed module memory: `new_transport->module` and the transport's function pointers are read from a region that has been released by `execmem_free()` and can be reallocated by a subsequent module load. Combined with the indirect calls through those stale pointers, this yields arbitrary kernel memory disclosure.\nI:H - `try_module_get()` performs `atomic_inc_not_zero()` on a `struct module *` read out of freed memory, giving an increment-write through an attacker-influenceable address, and `new_transport->seqpacket_allow()`/`->init()` are indirect calls through function pointers read from that same freed region — a control-flow hijack primitive.\nA:H - The bug is demonstrated by an unrecoverable oops — \"BUG: unable to handle page fault for address: fffffbfff8056000\" at `vsock_assign_transport+0x366` — and any use-after-free of this kind reliably panics the kernel even when not fully weaponized." } ] } ], "affected": [ { "product": "Linux", "vendor": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "unaffected", "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "programFiles": [ "net/vmw_vsock/af_vsock.c" ], "versions": [ { "version": "c0cfa2d8a788fcf45df5bf4070ab2474c88d543a", "lessThan": "8667e8d0eb46bc54fdae30ba2f4786407d3d88eb", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "c0cfa2d8a788fcf45df5bf4070ab2474c88d543a", "lessThan": "36a439049b34cca0b3661276049b84a1f76cc21a", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "c0cfa2d8a788fcf45df5bf4070ab2474c88d543a", "lessThan": "9ce53e744f18e73059d3124070e960f3aa9902bf", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "c0cfa2d8a788fcf45df5bf4070ab2474c88d543a", "lessThan": "9d24bb6780282b0255b9929abe5e8f98007e2c6e", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "c0cfa2d8a788fcf45df5bf4070ab2474c88d543a", "lessThan": "ae2c712ba39c7007de63cb0c75b51ce1caaf1da5", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "c0cfa2d8a788fcf45df5bf4070ab2474c88d543a", "lessThan": "7b73bddf54777fb62d4d8c7729d0affe6df04477", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "c0cfa2d8a788fcf45df5bf4070ab2474c88d543a", "lessThan": "687aa0c5581b8d4aa87fd92973e4ee576b550cdf", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" } ] }, { "product": "Linux", "vendor": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "affected", "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "programFiles": [ "net/vmw_vsock/af_vsock.c" ], "versions": [ { "version": "5.5", "status": "affected" }, { "version": "0", "lessThan": "5.5", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "5.10.240", "lessThanOrEqual": "5.10.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "5.15.189", "lessThanOrEqual": "5.15.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "6.1.146", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "6.6.99", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "6.12.39", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "6.15.7", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.15.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "6.16", "lessThanOrEqual": "*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix" } ] } ], "cpeApplicability": [ { "nodes": [ { "operator": "OR", "negate": false, "cpeMatch": [ { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "5.5", "versionEndExcluding": "5.10.240" }, { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "5.5", "versionEndExcluding": "5.15.189" }, { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "5.5", "versionEndExcluding": "6.1.146" }, { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "5.5", "versionEndExcluding": "6.6.99" }, { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "5.5", "versionEndExcluding": "6.12.39" }, { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "5.5", "versionEndExcluding": "6.15.7" }, { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "5.5", "versionEndExcluding": "6.16" } ] } ] } ], "references": [ { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8667e8d0eb46bc54fdae30ba2f4786407d3d88eb" }, { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/36a439049b34cca0b3661276049b84a1f76cc21a" }, { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/9ce53e744f18e73059d3124070e960f3aa9902bf" }, { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/9d24bb6780282b0255b9929abe5e8f98007e2c6e" }, { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ae2c712ba39c7007de63cb0c75b51ce1caaf1da5" }, { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7b73bddf54777fb62d4d8c7729d0affe6df04477" }, { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/687aa0c5581b8d4aa87fd92973e4ee576b550cdf" } ], "title": "vsock: Fix transport_* TOCTOU", "x_generator": { "engine": "bippy-1.2.0" } }, "adp": [ { "title": "CVE Program Container", "references": [ { "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/10/msg00008.html" }, { "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/10/msg00007.html" } ], "providerMetadata": { "orgId": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108", "shortName": "CVE", "dateUpdated": "2025-11-03T17:38:21.774Z" } }, { "metrics": [ { "other": { "type": "ssvc", "content": { "id": "CVE-2025-38461", "role": "CISA Coordinator", "options": [ { "Exploitation": "none" }, { "Automatable": "no" }, { "Technical Impact": "partial" } ], "version": "2.0.3", "timestamp": "2026-06-10T20:41:43.452088Z" } } } ], "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment", "providerMetadata": { "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0", "shortName": "CISA-ADP", "dateUpdated": "2026-06-11T18:44:15.500Z" } } ] } }