{ "dataType": "CVE_RECORD", "dataVersion": "5.2", "cveMetadata": { "cveId": "CVE-2025-38407", "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "state": "PUBLISHED", "assignerShortName": "Linux", "dateReserved": "2025-04-16T04:51:24.013Z", "datePublished": "2025-07-25T13:20:12.200Z", "dateUpdated": "2026-05-11T21:27:23.489Z" }, "containers": { "cna": { "providerMetadata": { "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "shortName": "Linux", "dateUpdated": "2026-05-11T21:27:23.489Z" }, "descriptions": [ { "lang": "en", "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nriscv: cpu_ops_sbi: Use static array for boot_data\n\nSince commit 6b9f29b81b15 (\"riscv: Enable pcpu page first chunk\nallocator\"), if NUMA is enabled, the page percpu allocator may be used\non very sparse configurations, or when requested on boot with\npercpu_alloc=page.\n\nIn that case, percpu data gets put in the vmalloc area. However,\nsbi_hsm_hart_start() needs the physical address of a sbi_hart_boot_data,\nand simply assumes that __pa() would work. This causes the just started\nhart to immediately access an invalid address and hang.\n\nFortunately, struct sbi_hart_boot_data is not too large, so we can\nsimply allocate an array for boot_data statically, putting it in the\nkernel image.\n\nThis fixes NUMA=y SMP boot on Sophgo SG2042.\n\nTo reproduce on QEMU: Set CONFIG_NUMA=y and CONFIG_DEBUG_VIRTUAL=y, then\nrun with:\n\n qemu-system-riscv64 -M virt -smp 2 -nographic \\\n -kernel arch/riscv/boot/Image \\\n -append \"percpu_alloc=page\"\n\nKernel output:\n\n[ 0.000000] Booting Linux on hartid 0\n[ 0.000000] Linux version 6.16.0-rc1 (dram@sakuya) (riscv64-unknown-linux-gnu-gcc (GCC) 14.2.1 20250322, GNU ld (GNU Binutils) 2.44) #11 SMP Tue Jun 24 14:56:22 CST 2025\n...\n[ 0.000000] percpu: 28 4K pages/cpu s85784 r8192 d20712\n...\n[ 0.083192] smp: Bringing up secondary CPUs ...\n[ 0.086722] ------------[ cut here ]------------\n[ 0.086849] virt_to_phys used for non-linear address: (____ptrval____) (0xff2000000001d080)\n[ 0.088001] WARNING: CPU: 0 PID: 1 at arch/riscv/mm/physaddr.c:14 __virt_to_phys+0xae/0xe8\n[ 0.088376] Modules linked in:\n[ 0.088656] CPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 1 Comm: swapper/0 Not tainted 6.16.0-rc1 #11 NONE\n[ 0.088833] Hardware name: riscv-virtio,qemu (DT)\n[ 0.088948] epc : __virt_to_phys+0xae/0xe8\n[ 0.089001] ra : __virt_to_phys+0xae/0xe8\n[ 0.089037] epc : ffffffff80021eaa ra : ffffffff80021eaa sp : ff2000000004bbc0\n[ 0.089057] gp : ffffffff817f49c0 tp : ff60000001d60000 t0 : 5f6f745f74726976\n[ 0.089076] t1 : 0000000000000076 t2 : 705f6f745f747269 s0 : ff2000000004bbe0\n[ 0.089095] s1 : ff2000000001d080 a0 : 0000000000000000 a1 : 0000000000000000\n[ 0.089113] a2 : 0000000000000000 a3 : 0000000000000000 a4 : 0000000000000000\n[ 0.089131] a5 : 0000000000000000 a6 : 0000000000000000 a7 : 0000000000000000\n[ 0.089155] s2 : ffffffff8130dc00 s3 : 0000000000000001 s4 : 0000000000000001\n[ 0.089174] s5 : ffffffff8185eff8 s6 : ff2000007f1eb000 s7 : ffffffff8002a2ec\n[ 0.089193] s8 : 0000000000000001 s9 : 0000000000000001 s10: 0000000000000000\n[ 0.089211] s11: 0000000000000000 t3 : ffffffff8180a9f7 t4 : ffffffff8180a9f7\n[ 0.089960] t5 : ffffffff8180a9f8 t6 : ff2000000004b9d8\n[ 0.089984] status: 0000000200000120 badaddr: ffffffff80021eaa cause: 0000000000000003\n[ 0.090101] [] __virt_to_phys+0xae/0xe8\n[ 0.090228] [] sbi_cpu_start+0x6e/0xe8\n[ 0.090247] [] __cpu_up+0x1e/0x8c\n[ 0.090260] [] bringup_cpu+0x42/0x258\n[ 0.090277] [] cpuhp_invoke_callback+0xe0/0x40c\n[ 0.090292] [] __cpuhp_invoke_callback_range+0x68/0xfc\n[ 0.090320] [] _cpu_up+0x11a/0x244\n[ 0.090334] [] cpu_up+0x52/0x90\n[ 0.090384] [] bringup_nonboot_cpus+0x78/0x118\n[ 0.090411] [] smp_init+0x34/0xb8\n[ 0.090425] [] kernel_init_freeable+0x148/0x2e4\n[ 0.090442] [] kernel_init+0x1e/0x14c\n[ 0.090455] [] ret_from_fork_kernel+0xe/0xf0\n[ 0.090471] [] ret_from_fork_kernel_asm+0x16/0x18\n[ 0.090560] ---[ end trace 0000000000000000 ]---\n[ 1.179875] CPU1: failed to come online\n[ 1.190324] smp: Brought up 1 node, 1 CPU" } ], "affected": [ { "product": "Linux", "vendor": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "unaffected", "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "programFiles": [ "arch/riscv/kernel/cpu_ops_sbi.c" ], "versions": [ { "version": "6b9f29b81b155af023da95f560f738f29722b306", "lessThan": "f5fe094f35a37adea40b2fd52c99bb1333be9b07", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "6b9f29b81b155af023da95f560f738f29722b306", "lessThan": "02c725cd55eb5052b88eeaa3f60a391ef4dcaec5", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "6b9f29b81b155af023da95f560f738f29722b306", "lessThan": "2b29be967ae456fc09c320d91d52278cf721be1e", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" } ] }, { "product": "Linux", "vendor": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "affected", "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "programFiles": [ "arch/riscv/kernel/cpu_ops_sbi.c" ], "versions": [ { "version": "6.8", "status": "affected" }, { "version": "0", "lessThan": "6.8", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "6.12.37", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "6.15.6", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.15.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "6.16", "lessThanOrEqual": "*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix" } ] } ], "cpeApplicability": [ { "nodes": [ { "operator": "OR", "negate": false, "cpeMatch": [ { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "6.8", "versionEndExcluding": "6.12.37" }, { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "6.8", "versionEndExcluding": "6.15.6" }, { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "6.8", "versionEndExcluding": "6.16" } ] } ] } ], "references": [ { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f5fe094f35a37adea40b2fd52c99bb1333be9b07" }, { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/02c725cd55eb5052b88eeaa3f60a391ef4dcaec5" }, { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/2b29be967ae456fc09c320d91d52278cf721be1e" } ], "title": "riscv: cpu_ops_sbi: Use static array for boot_data", "x_generator": { "engine": "bippy-1.2.0" } } } }