{ "dataType": "CVE_RECORD", "dataVersion": "5.2", "cveMetadata": { "cveId": "CVE-2025-37997", "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "state": "PUBLISHED", "assignerShortName": "Linux", "dateReserved": "2025-04-16T04:51:23.976Z", "datePublished": "2025-05-29T13:15:55.580Z", "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T11:58:49.210Z" }, "containers": { "cna": { "providerMetadata": { "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "shortName": "Linux", "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T11:58:49.210Z" }, "descriptions": [ { "lang": "en", "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnetfilter: ipset: fix region locking in hash types\n\nRegion locking introduced in v5.6-rc4 contained three macros to handle\nthe region locks: ahash_bucket_start(), ahash_bucket_end() which gave\nback the start and end hash bucket values belonging to a given region\nlock and ahash_region() which should give back the region lock belonging\nto a given hash bucket. The latter was incorrect which can lead to a\nrace condition between the garbage collector and adding new elements\nwhen a hash type of set is defined with timeouts." } ], "metrics": [ { "cvssV3_1": { "version": "3.1", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "baseScore": 7.8, "baseSeverity": "HIGH" }, "scenarios": [ { "lang": "en", "value": "AV:L - The vulnerable add/del and GC paths are driven through the ipset nfnetlink/sockopt control plane, which requires a local socket (netfilter control plane = Local per kernel scoring convention). Remote packets can drive `mtype_add()` via the `xt_set` SET target, but only when the administrator has configured such a rule, so the base score uses the self-contained local path.\nAC:L - The attacker provisions both sides of the race: they choose `hashsize >= 2048` (which is what breaks the modulo-vs-division region mapping) and a short `timeout` that pins the GC period to the `HZ/10` floor, then churn add/del indefinitely with roughly half of all operations taking the wrong region lock. No condition depends on attacker-uncontrollable state, and failed attempts are freely retriable.\nPR:L - Access is gated on `netlink_net_capable(skb, CAP_NET_ADMIN)` and `ns_capable(net->user_ns, CAP_NET_ADMIN)`, both evaluated against the network namespace's user namespace, so an unprivileged user obtains it with `unshare -Urn`; ipset state is fully per-netns, so the whole attack works inside the sandbox.\nUI:N - The attacker creates the set, generates the element churn, and the garbage collector fires automatically from a delayed work item. No victim action is involved at any point.\nS:U - The corruption is confined to the kernel heap and is exploited for privilege escalation within the same kernel security authority; no VM, IOMMU, or hypervisor boundary is crossed.\nC:H - The unserialized GC/add race yields use-after-free of hbucket objects and of extension data freed by `ip_set_ext_destroy()`, and stale resurrected buckets let freed slab contents be read back to userspace via `ipset list`, giving an arbitrary-read primitive.\nI:H - GC's shrink path can copy more used entries than `tmp->size` accounts for when a concurrent `mtype_add()` bumps `n->pos` under a different lock, producing a heap out-of-bounds write of attacker-controlled element bytes; the double `kfree_rcu()` on the same hbucket additionally corrupts the SLUB freelist, both of which are standard arbitrary-write/control-flow-hijack primitives.\nA:H - Enqueuing the same `rcu_head` twice corrupts the RCU callback list (cycle → hang in `rcu_do_batch`), and the double free plus out-of-bounds writes reliably produce slab corruption, oops, and panic." } ] } ], "affected": [ { "product": "Linux", "vendor": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "unaffected", "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "programFiles": [ "net/netfilter/ipset/ip_set_hash_gen.h" ], "versions": [ { "version": "5dd9488ae41070b69d2f4acb580f77db5705f9ca", "lessThan": "00cfc5fad1491796942a948808afb968a0a3f35b", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "f66ee0410b1c3481ee75e5db9b34547b4d582465", "lessThan": "226ce0ec38316d9e3739e73a64b6b8304646c658", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "f66ee0410b1c3481ee75e5db9b34547b4d582465", "lessThan": "82c1eb32693bc48251d92532975e19160987e5b9", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "f66ee0410b1c3481ee75e5db9b34547b4d582465", "lessThan": "aa77294b0f73bb8265987591460cd25b8722c3df", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "f66ee0410b1c3481ee75e5db9b34547b4d582465", "lessThan": "a3dfec485401943e315c394c29afe2db8f9481d6", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "f66ee0410b1c3481ee75e5db9b34547b4d582465", "lessThan": "e2ab67672b2288521a6146034a971f9a82ffc5c5", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "f66ee0410b1c3481ee75e5db9b34547b4d582465", "lessThan": "6e002ecc1c8cfdfc866b9104ab7888da54613e59", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "f66ee0410b1c3481ee75e5db9b34547b4d582465", "lessThan": "8478a729c0462273188263136880480729e9efca", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "a469bab3386aebff33c59506f3a95e35b91118fd", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "5.4.24", "lessThan": "5.4.294", "status": "affected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "5.5.8", "lessThan": "5.6", "status": "affected", "versionType": "semver" } ] }, { "product": "Linux", "vendor": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "affected", "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "programFiles": [ "net/netfilter/ipset/ip_set_hash_gen.h" ], "versions": [ { "version": "5.6", "status": "affected" }, { "version": "0", "lessThan": "5.6", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "5.4.294", "lessThanOrEqual": "5.4.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "5.10.238", "lessThanOrEqual": "5.10.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "5.15.183", "lessThanOrEqual": "5.15.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "6.1.139", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "6.6.91", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "6.12.29", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "6.14.7", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.14.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "6.15", "lessThanOrEqual": "*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix" } ] } ], "cpeApplicability": [ { "nodes": [ { "operator": "OR", "negate": false, "cpeMatch": [ { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "5.4.24", "versionEndExcluding": "5.4.294" }, { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "5.6", "versionEndExcluding": "5.10.238" }, { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "5.6", "versionEndExcluding": "5.15.183" }, { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "5.6", "versionEndExcluding": "6.1.139" }, { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "5.6", "versionEndExcluding": "6.6.91" }, { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "5.6", "versionEndExcluding": "6.12.29" }, { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "5.6", "versionEndExcluding": "6.14.7" }, { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "5.6", "versionEndExcluding": "6.15" }, { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "5.5.8" } ] } ] } ], "references": [ { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/00cfc5fad1491796942a948808afb968a0a3f35b" }, { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/226ce0ec38316d9e3739e73a64b6b8304646c658" }, { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/82c1eb32693bc48251d92532975e19160987e5b9" }, { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/aa77294b0f73bb8265987591460cd25b8722c3df" }, { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a3dfec485401943e315c394c29afe2db8f9481d6" }, { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e2ab67672b2288521a6146034a971f9a82ffc5c5" }, { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6e002ecc1c8cfdfc866b9104ab7888da54613e59" }, { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8478a729c0462273188263136880480729e9efca" } ], "title": "netfilter: ipset: fix region locking in hash types", "x_generator": { "engine": "bippy-1.2.0" } }, "adp": [ { "title": "CVE Program Container", "references": [ { "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/10/msg00007.html" }, { "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/08/msg00010.html" } ], "providerMetadata": { "orgId": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108", "shortName": "CVE", "dateUpdated": "2025-11-03T19:58:10.817Z" } } ] } }