{
    "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
    "dataVersion": "5.2",
    "cveMetadata": {
        "cveId": "CVE-2025-37923",
        "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "state": "PUBLISHED",
        "assignerShortName": "Linux",
        "dateReserved": "2025-04-16T04:51:23.969Z",
        "datePublished": "2025-05-20T15:21:51.927Z",
        "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T11:58:24.005Z"
    },
    "containers": {
        "cna": {
            "providerMetadata": {
                "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
                "shortName": "Linux",
                "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T11:58:24.005Z"
            },
            "descriptions": [
                {
                    "lang": "en",
                    "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\ntracing: Fix oob write in trace_seq_to_buffer()\n\nsyzbot reported this bug:\n==================================================================\nBUG: KASAN: slab-out-of-bounds in trace_seq_to_buffer kernel/trace/trace.c:1830 [inline]\nBUG: KASAN: slab-out-of-bounds in tracing_splice_read_pipe+0x6be/0xdd0 kernel/trace/trace.c:6822\nWrite of size 4507 at addr ffff888032b6b000 by task syz.2.320/7260\n\nCPU: 1 UID: 0 PID: 7260 Comm: syz.2.320 Not tainted 6.15.0-rc1-syzkaller-00301-g3bde70a2c827 #0 PREEMPT(full)\nHardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 02/12/2025\nCall Trace:\n <TASK>\n __dump_stack lib/dump_stack.c:94 [inline]\n dump_stack_lvl+0x116/0x1f0 lib/dump_stack.c:120\n print_address_description mm/kasan/report.c:408 [inline]\n print_report+0xc3/0x670 mm/kasan/report.c:521\n kasan_report+0xe0/0x110 mm/kasan/report.c:634\n check_region_inline mm/kasan/generic.c:183 [inline]\n kasan_check_range+0xef/0x1a0 mm/kasan/generic.c:189\n __asan_memcpy+0x3c/0x60 mm/kasan/shadow.c:106\n trace_seq_to_buffer kernel/trace/trace.c:1830 [inline]\n tracing_splice_read_pipe+0x6be/0xdd0 kernel/trace/trace.c:6822\n ....\n==================================================================\n\nIt has been reported that trace_seq_to_buffer() tries to copy more data\nthan PAGE_SIZE to buf. Therefore, to prevent this, we should use the\nsmaller of trace_seq_used(&iter->seq) and PAGE_SIZE as an argument."
                }
            ],
            "metrics": [
                {
                    "cvssV3_1": {
                        "version": "3.1",
                        "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
                        "baseScore": 7.8,
                        "baseSeverity": "HIGH"
                    },
                    "scenarios": [
                        {
                            "lang": "en",
                            "value": "AV:L - Exploitation requires opening `/sys/kernel/tracing/trace_pipe` (or a per-CPU variant) on the local system and issuing `splice(2)` against it. There is no network-facing path to `tracing_splice_read_pipe()`.\nAC:L - The overflow is deterministic and fully attacker-driven: generate more than one page of formatted trace output (a single ~4096-byte `trace_marker` record, or simply let `tracing_fill_pipe_page()` accumulate events up to the 8K trace_seq limit) and then splice from trace_pipe. No race, no memory-layout luck, and no non-default kernel config is needed.\nPR:L - `tracing_open_pipe()` contains no capability check whatsoever — reachability is gated only by DAC on the tracefs inode, and tracefs exposes `uid=`/`gid=`/`mode=` mount parameters precisely so a non-root group can be granted ftrace access. Android grants `shell`/atrace/Perfetto (`AID_READTRACEFS`) access to trace_pipe and distro/CI/observability deployments commonly chgrp the tracing tree, so an unprivileged local account reaches this path.\nUI:N - The attacker performs every step (open, generate trace data, splice) from its own process. No victim action or interaction is required.\nS:U - The out-of-bounds write and disclosure occur within kernel memory under the same security authority as the kernel itself; no VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary is crossed.\nC:H - Before the fix `spd.partial[i].len` was set to `trace_seq_used()` (up to ~8152) for a 4096-byte page, so `splice_to_pipe()` returns a pipe buffer that lets userspace read roughly 4KB of adjacent kernel memory directly — an arbitrary-content kernel infoleak, on top of the OOB write's exploitability for further disclosure.\nI:H - `trace_seq_to_buffer()` memcpy's up to ~4056 bytes past the end of a freshly allocated order-0 page into adjacent kernel memory, with largely attacker-chosen content (e.g. arbitrary bytes injected via `trace_marker`). A ~4KB controlled linear-map overflow with attacker-groomable neighbours is a strong write primitive suitable for control-flow hijacking.\nA:H - The overflow corrupts whatever kernel memory follows the page, reliably producing KASAN splats, oopses, or panics as reported by syzbot, and it can be re-triggered at will."
                        }
                    ]
                }
            ],
            "affected": [
                {
                    "product": "Linux",
                    "vendor": "Linux",
                    "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
                    "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
                    "programFiles": [
                        "kernel/trace/trace.c"
                    ],
                    "versions": [
                        {
                            "version": "3c56819b14b00dd449bd776303e61f8532fad09f",
                            "lessThan": "f4b0174e9f18aaba59ee6ffdaf8827a7f94eb606",
                            "status": "affected",
                            "versionType": "git"
                        },
                        {
                            "version": "3c56819b14b00dd449bd776303e61f8532fad09f",
                            "lessThan": "665ce421041890571852422487f4c613d1824ba9",
                            "status": "affected",
                            "versionType": "git"
                        },
                        {
                            "version": "3c56819b14b00dd449bd776303e61f8532fad09f",
                            "lessThan": "1a3f9482b50b74fa9421bff8ceecfefd0dc06f8f",
                            "status": "affected",
                            "versionType": "git"
                        },
                        {
                            "version": "3c56819b14b00dd449bd776303e61f8532fad09f",
                            "lessThan": "441021e5b3c7d9bd1b963590652c415929f3b157",
                            "status": "affected",
                            "versionType": "git"
                        },
                        {
                            "version": "3c56819b14b00dd449bd776303e61f8532fad09f",
                            "lessThan": "056ebbddb8faf4ddf83d005454dd78fc25c2d897",
                            "status": "affected",
                            "versionType": "git"
                        },
                        {
                            "version": "3c56819b14b00dd449bd776303e61f8532fad09f",
                            "lessThan": "1f27a3e93b8d674b24b27fcdbc6f72743cd96c0d",
                            "status": "affected",
                            "versionType": "git"
                        },
                        {
                            "version": "3c56819b14b00dd449bd776303e61f8532fad09f",
                            "lessThan": "c5d2b66c5ef5037b4b4360e5447605ff00ba1bd4",
                            "status": "affected",
                            "versionType": "git"
                        },
                        {
                            "version": "3c56819b14b00dd449bd776303e61f8532fad09f",
                            "lessThan": "f5178c41bb43444a6008150fe6094497135d07cb",
                            "status": "affected",
                            "versionType": "git"
                        }
                    ]
                },
                {
                    "product": "Linux",
                    "vendor": "Linux",
                    "defaultStatus": "affected",
                    "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
                    "programFiles": [
                        "kernel/trace/trace.c"
                    ],
                    "versions": [
                        {
                            "version": "2.6.30",
                            "status": "affected"
                        },
                        {
                            "version": "0",
                            "lessThan": "2.6.30",
                            "status": "unaffected",
                            "versionType": "semver"
                        },
                        {
                            "version": "5.4.294",
                            "lessThanOrEqual": "5.4.*",
                            "status": "unaffected",
                            "versionType": "semver"
                        },
                        {
                            "version": "5.10.238",
                            "lessThanOrEqual": "5.10.*",
                            "status": "unaffected",
                            "versionType": "semver"
                        },
                        {
                            "version": "5.15.182",
                            "lessThanOrEqual": "5.15.*",
                            "status": "unaffected",
                            "versionType": "semver"
                        },
                        {
                            "version": "6.1.138",
                            "lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*",
                            "status": "unaffected",
                            "versionType": "semver"
                        },
                        {
                            "version": "6.6.90",
                            "lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*",
                            "status": "unaffected",
                            "versionType": "semver"
                        },
                        {
                            "version": "6.12.28",
                            "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*",
                            "status": "unaffected",
                            "versionType": "semver"
                        },
                        {
                            "version": "6.14.6",
                            "lessThanOrEqual": "6.14.*",
                            "status": "unaffected",
                            "versionType": "semver"
                        },
                        {
                            "version": "6.15",
                            "lessThanOrEqual": "*",
                            "status": "unaffected",
                            "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
                        }
                    ]
                }
            ],
            "cpeApplicability": [
                {
                    "nodes": [
                        {
                            "operator": "OR",
                            "negate": false,
                            "cpeMatch": [
                                {
                                    "vulnerable": true,
                                    "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                                    "versionStartIncluding": "2.6.30",
                                    "versionEndExcluding": "5.4.294"
                                },
                                {
                                    "vulnerable": true,
                                    "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                                    "versionStartIncluding": "2.6.30",
                                    "versionEndExcluding": "5.10.238"
                                },
                                {
                                    "vulnerable": true,
                                    "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                                    "versionStartIncluding": "2.6.30",
                                    "versionEndExcluding": "5.15.182"
                                },
                                {
                                    "vulnerable": true,
                                    "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                                    "versionStartIncluding": "2.6.30",
                                    "versionEndExcluding": "6.1.138"
                                },
                                {
                                    "vulnerable": true,
                                    "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                                    "versionStartIncluding": "2.6.30",
                                    "versionEndExcluding": "6.6.90"
                                },
                                {
                                    "vulnerable": true,
                                    "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                                    "versionStartIncluding": "2.6.30",
                                    "versionEndExcluding": "6.12.28"
                                },
                                {
                                    "vulnerable": true,
                                    "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                                    "versionStartIncluding": "2.6.30",
                                    "versionEndExcluding": "6.14.6"
                                },
                                {
                                    "vulnerable": true,
                                    "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                                    "versionStartIncluding": "2.6.30",
                                    "versionEndExcluding": "6.15"
                                }
                            ]
                        }
                    ]
                }
            ],
            "references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f4b0174e9f18aaba59ee6ffdaf8827a7f94eb606"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/665ce421041890571852422487f4c613d1824ba9"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1a3f9482b50b74fa9421bff8ceecfefd0dc06f8f"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/441021e5b3c7d9bd1b963590652c415929f3b157"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/056ebbddb8faf4ddf83d005454dd78fc25c2d897"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1f27a3e93b8d674b24b27fcdbc6f72743cd96c0d"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c5d2b66c5ef5037b4b4360e5447605ff00ba1bd4"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f5178c41bb43444a6008150fe6094497135d07cb"
                }
            ],
            "title": "tracing: Fix oob write in trace_seq_to_buffer()",
            "x_generator": {
                "engine": "bippy-1.2.0"
            }
        },
        "adp": [
            {
                "title": "CVE Program Container",
                "references": [
                    {
                        "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/10/msg00007.html"
                    },
                    {
                        "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/08/msg00010.html"
                    }
                ],
                "providerMetadata": {
                    "orgId": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
                    "shortName": "CVE",
                    "dateUpdated": "2025-11-03T19:57:21.994Z"
                }
            }
        ]
    }
}