{ "dataType": "CVE_RECORD", "dataVersion": "5.2", "cveMetadata": { "cveId": "CVE-2025-37845", "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "state": "PUBLISHED", "assignerShortName": "Linux", "dateReserved": "2025-04-16T04:51:23.953Z", "datePublished": "2025-05-09T06:41:54.022Z", "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T11:57:48.902Z" }, "containers": { "cna": { "providerMetadata": { "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "shortName": "Linux", "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T11:57:48.902Z" }, "descriptions": [ { "lang": "en", "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\ntracing: fprobe events: Fix possible UAF on modules\n\nCommit ac91052f0ae5 (\"tracing: tprobe-events: Fix leakage of module\nrefcount\") moved try_module_get() from __find_tracepoint_module_cb()\nto find_tracepoint() caller, but that introduced a possible UAF\nbecause the module can be unloaded before try_module_get(). In this\ncase, the module object should be freed too. Thus, try_module_get()\ndoes not only fail but may access to the freed object.\n\nTo avoid that, try_module_get() in __find_tracepoint_module_cb()\nagain." } ], "metrics": [ { "cvssV3_1": { "version": "3.1", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "baseScore": 7.8, "baseSeverity": "HIGH" }, "scenarios": [ { "lang": "en", "value": "AV:L - The vulnerable path is reached only by writing a tracepoint probe definition to the tracefs `dynamic_events` file (`trace_fprobe_create()` → `find_tracepoint()`), which requires local access to the machine. There is no network-facing consumer of this code.\nAC:L - The attacker drives both sides of the race — repeatedly issuing `t:` tprobe creations while causing module load/unload churn — and the operation can be retried indefinitely at no cost until the window between `mutex_unlock()` in `for_each_module_tracepoint()` and `try_module_get()` is hit. `CONFIG_FPROBE_EVENTS` is `default y`, so no rare configuration is required.\nPR:L - Exploitation needs write access to the tracefs `dynamic_events` interface, which is routinely delegated to non-root tracing/debug accounts and groups (Android shell/system, ChromeOS debugd, perf/tracing groups, container debug sidecars) rather than being an exclusively root-only capability. No credential check exists in the code path itself beyond file permissions.\nUI:N - The attacker performs the tracefs write and the concurrent module operations entirely on their own; no victim action or interaction is needed.\nS:U - The use-after-free corrupts kernel memory within the same security authority as the kernel itself; no VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary is crossed.\nC:H - The stale `struct module` and the stale tracepoint structure are read after being freed, and if the freed region is reclaimed by attacker-sprayed allocations the resulting values (`probestub` address, funcname resolved via `kallsyms_lookup()`) feed back into observable state, giving a path to kernel memory disclosure.\nI:H - `try_module_get()` performs an atomic increment into freed memory, and a \"successful\" get lets the code register a tracepoint probe and an ftrace hook using function pointers read out of freed, reclaimable memory — a write plus control-flow-hijack primitive.\nA:H - Touching the freed module allocation (vmalloc-backed, so frequently unmapped on free) produces an immediate oops or panic, and the subsequent probe registration on freed tracepoint data reliably destabilizes the kernel." } ] } ], "affected": [ { "product": "Linux", "vendor": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "unaffected", "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "programFiles": [ "kernel/trace/trace_fprobe.c" ], "versions": [ { "version": "71c9cf87776eaa556fc0a0a060df94200e1f521c", "lessThan": "868df4eb784c3ccc7e4340a9ea993cbbedca167e", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "9db2b8cf4ea07b579db588e0353d5680f5d1f071", "lessThan": "a27d2de2472b1cc7d582ab405d1d5832a80481de", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "ac91052f0ae5be9e46211ba92cc31c0e3b0a933a", "lessThan": "626f01f4d26e8cf92e69c1df53036153c8e98a20", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "ac91052f0ae5be9e46211ba92cc31c0e3b0a933a", "lessThan": "dd941507a9486252d6fcf11814387666792020f3", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "6.12.21", "lessThan": "6.12.24", "status": "affected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "6.13.9", "lessThan": "6.13.12", "status": "affected", "versionType": "semver" } ] }, { "product": "Linux", "vendor": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "affected", "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "programFiles": [ "kernel/trace/trace_fprobe.c" ], "versions": [ { "version": "6.14", "status": "affected" }, { "version": "0", "lessThan": "6.14", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "6.12.24", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "6.13.12", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.13.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "6.14.3", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.14.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "6.15", "lessThanOrEqual": "*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix" } ] } ], "cpeApplicability": [ { "nodes": [ { "operator": "OR", "negate": false, "cpeMatch": [ { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "6.12.21", "versionEndExcluding": "6.12.24" }, { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "6.13.9", "versionEndExcluding": "6.13.12" }, { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "6.14", "versionEndExcluding": "6.14.3" }, { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "6.14", "versionEndExcluding": "6.15" } ] } ] } ], "references": [ { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/868df4eb784c3ccc7e4340a9ea993cbbedca167e" }, { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a27d2de2472b1cc7d582ab405d1d5832a80481de" }, { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/626f01f4d26e8cf92e69c1df53036153c8e98a20" }, { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/dd941507a9486252d6fcf11814387666792020f3" } ], "title": "tracing: fprobe events: Fix possible UAF on modules", "x_generator": { "engine": "bippy-1.2.0" } } } }