CVE-2025-23019

Exploitation

Assessed, none found. CISA's assessment recorded neither public exploit code nor evidence of exploitation when it was made.

SSVC decision

• ExploitationnoneCISA recorded no public exploit code and no evidence of exploitation.
• AutomatablenoAt least one step from reconnaissance to exploitation cannot be reliably automated.
• Technical ImpactpartialSuccessful exploitation gives limited control of the vulnerable component.

CISA publishes the decision points, not a final SSVC decision. The decision also depends on mission and well-being impact, which is a property of your deployment rather than of the vulnerability.

EPSS probability

1.01% probability of exploitation activity in the next 30 days.

EPSS percentile

Ranks above 60.6% of scored records. A rank, not a probability.

NVD base score

6.5 (CVSS v3.x), scored by the NVD independently of the CNA.

NVD CVSS vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:L

NVD analysis status

Modified. NVD last modified this record on 2026-06-17.

Red Hat severity

Low. Red Hat's rating for its own products, not a CVSS rating.

Exploit-prediction scores from FIRST. Independent scoring and analysis status from the NVD. Vendor severity from Red Hat. Exploitation assessment and catalog membership from CISA.

Published

2025-01-14 00:00Z1 YR AGO

Last updated

2025-11-03 21:00Z10 MO AGO

Reserved

2025-01-10

Assigning CNA

mitre

Record state

PUBLISHED

Severity

Medium (CVSS 5.4)

CNA CVSS vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N

Weaknesses

• CWE-940Improper Verification of Source of a Communication ChannelBase
• CWE-348Use of Less Trusted SourceBase

Data version

5.2

Document digest

c069b8b7bf7e6a9766b96cced5e276cbf7c6077607e34c37d428c9fae0b8738f

• datatracker.ietf.orghttps://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc4213
• papers.mathyvanhoef.comhttps://papers.mathyvanhoef.com/usenix2025-tunnels.pdf
• www.top10vpn.comhttps://www.top10vpn.com/research/tunneling-protocol-vulnerability/
• www.kb.cert.orghttps://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/199397