{ "dataType": "CVE_RECORD", "dataVersion": "5.2", "cveMetadata": { "cveId": "CVE-2025-22035", "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "state": "PUBLISHED", "assignerShortName": "Linux", "dateReserved": "2024-12-29T08:45:45.809Z", "datePublished": "2025-04-16T14:11:53.958Z", "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T11:56:07.902Z" }, "containers": { "cna": { "providerMetadata": { "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "shortName": "Linux", "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T11:56:07.902Z" }, "descriptions": [ { "lang": "en", "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\ntracing: Fix use-after-free in print_graph_function_flags during tracer switching\n\nKairui reported a UAF issue in print_graph_function_flags() during\nftrace stress testing [1]. This issue can be reproduced if puting a\n'mdelay(10)' after 'mutex_unlock(&trace_types_lock)' in s_start(),\nand executing the following script:\n\n $ echo function_graph > current_tracer\n $ cat trace > /dev/null &\n $ sleep 5 # Ensure the 'cat' reaches the 'mdelay(10)' point\n $ echo timerlat > current_tracer\n\nThe root cause lies in the two calls to print_graph_function_flags\nwithin print_trace_line during each s_show():\n\n * One through 'iter->trace->print_line()';\n * Another through 'event->funcs->trace()', which is hidden in\n print_trace_fmt() before print_trace_line returns.\n\nTracer switching only updates the former, while the latter continues\nto use the print_line function of the old tracer, which in the script\nabove is print_graph_function_flags.\n\nMoreover, when switching from the 'function_graph' tracer to the\n'timerlat' tracer, s_start only calls graph_trace_close of the\n'function_graph' tracer to free 'iter->private', but does not set\nit to NULL. This provides an opportunity for 'event->funcs->trace()'\nto use an invalid 'iter->private'.\n\nTo fix this issue, set 'iter->private' to NULL immediately after\nfreeing it in graph_trace_close(), ensuring that an invalid pointer\nis not passed to other tracers. Additionally, clean up the unnecessary\n'iter->private = NULL' during each 'cat trace' when using wakeup and\nirqsoff tracers.\n\n [1] https://lore.kernel.org/all/20231112150030.84609-1-ryncsn@gmail.com/" } ], "metrics": [ { "cvssV3_1": { "version": "3.1", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "baseScore": 7.8, "baseSeverity": "HIGH" }, "scenarios": [ { "lang": "en", "value": "AV:L - The vulnerability is reached only through local file operations on tracefs — reading `/sys/kernel/tracing/trace` while writing `current_tracer`. There is no network, adjacent-network, or physical path into `print_graph_function_flags()`.\nAC:L - The attacker owns both sides of the sequence — its own paced reader (small `read()` buffers, or SIGSTOP) and its own `current_tracer` write — so the free in `s_start()` and the use in `s_show()` can be ordered deterministically without winning any race. Once freed, `iter->private` stays dangling for the rest of the iterator's life, giving unlimited time to groom the ~128-byte slab.\nPR:L - `tracing_check_open_get_tr()` enforces no capability check at all — only kernel lockdown, which is off by default — so reachability is governed purely by tracefs permissions, and tracefs's `gid=` mount option is widely used (Android, ChromeOS, CI/perf and developer systems, containers with tracefs bind-mounted) to grant an unprivileged tracing group read/write on `trace` and `current_tracer`.\nUI:N - The attacker performs both the file read and the tracer switch itself; no victim action or pre-existing session state is needed.\nS:U - The freed object and all corrupted memory belong to the kernel itself, and exploitation yields kernel privileges within the same security authority — no VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary is crossed.\nC:H - This is a use-after-free on a general-purpose kmalloc object, so a heap spray gives the attacker control of `data->cpu_data`, and `per_cpu_ptr(data->cpu_data, cpu)->ignore` then reads arbitrary kernel memory; the `data->failed` path additionally formats attacker-supplied `data->ent.ent` function addresses through `print_graph_entry()` straight into the trace output the attacker reads back.\nI:H - `per_cpu_ptr(data->cpu_data, cpu)->ignore = 0` and `= 1` are writes through a pointer taken from freed, sprayable memory, yielding an arbitrary-address write primitive, and the attacker-controlled `data->cpu` is used as an unchecked per-CPU index — a classic UAF path to privilege escalation.\nA:H - Dereferencing the freed `fgraph_data` and its stale percpu pointer oopses or panics the kernel even without successful grooming, and the read can be repeated at will to crash the machine reliably." } ] } ], "affected": [ { "product": "Linux", "vendor": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "unaffected", "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "programFiles": [ "kernel/trace/trace_functions_graph.c", "kernel/trace/trace_irqsoff.c", "kernel/trace/trace_sched_wakeup.c" ], "versions": [ { "version": "05319d707732c728eb721ac616a50e7978eb499a", "lessThan": "42561fe62c3628ea3bc9623f64f047605e98857f", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "b8205dfed68183dc1470e83863c5ded6d7fa30a9", "lessThan": "de7b309139f862a44379ecd96e93c9133c69f813", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "ce6e2b14bc094866d9173db6935da2d752f06d8b", "lessThan": "81a85b12132c8ffe98f5ddbdc185481790aeaa1b", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "2cb0c037c927db4ec928cc927488e52aa359786e", "lessThan": "a2cce54c1748216535dda02e185d07a084be837e", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "eecb91b9f98d6427d4af5fdb8f108f52572a39e7", "lessThan": "099ef3385800828b74933a96c117574637c3fb3a", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "eecb91b9f98d6427d4af5fdb8f108f52572a39e7", "lessThan": "c85efe6e13743cac6ba4ccf144cb91f44c86231a", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "eecb91b9f98d6427d4af5fdb8f108f52572a39e7", "lessThan": "f14752d66056d0c7bffe5092130409417d3baa70", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "eecb91b9f98d6427d4af5fdb8f108f52572a39e7", "lessThan": "70be951bc01e4a0e10d443f3510bb17426f257fb", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "eecb91b9f98d6427d4af5fdb8f108f52572a39e7", "lessThan": "7f81f27b1093e4895e87b74143c59c055c3b1906", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "d6b35c9a8d51032ed9890431da3ae39fe76c1ae3", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "5d433eda76b66ab271f5924b26ddfec063eeb454", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "2242640e9bd94e706acf75c60a2ab1d0e150e0fb", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "5.4.255", "lessThan": "5.4.292", "status": "affected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "5.10.193", "lessThan": "5.10.236", "status": "affected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "5.15.129", "lessThan": "5.15.180", "status": "affected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "6.1.50", "lessThan": "6.1.134", "status": "affected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "4.14.324", "lessThan": "4.15", "status": "affected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "4.19.293", "lessThan": "4.20", "status": "affected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "6.4.13", "lessThan": "6.5", "status": "affected", "versionType": "semver" } ] }, { "product": "Linux", "vendor": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "affected", "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "programFiles": [ "kernel/trace/trace_functions_graph.c", "kernel/trace/trace_irqsoff.c", "kernel/trace/trace_sched_wakeup.c" ], "versions": [ { "version": "6.5", "status": "affected" }, { "version": "0", "lessThan": "6.5", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "5.4.292", "lessThanOrEqual": "5.4.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "5.10.236", "lessThanOrEqual": "5.10.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "5.15.180", "lessThanOrEqual": "5.15.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "6.1.134", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "6.6.87", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "6.12.23", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "6.13.11", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.13.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "6.14.2", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.14.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "6.15", "lessThanOrEqual": "*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix" } ] } ], "cpeApplicability": [ { "nodes": [ { "operator": "OR", "negate": false, "cpeMatch": [ { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "5.4.255", "versionEndExcluding": "5.4.292" }, { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "5.10.193", "versionEndExcluding": "5.10.236" }, { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "5.15.129", "versionEndExcluding": "5.15.180" }, { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "6.1.50", "versionEndExcluding": "6.1.134" }, { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "6.5", "versionEndExcluding": "6.6.87" }, { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "6.5", "versionEndExcluding": "6.12.23" }, { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "6.5", "versionEndExcluding": "6.13.11" }, { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "6.5", "versionEndExcluding": "6.14.2" }, { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "6.5", "versionEndExcluding": "6.15" }, { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "4.14.324" }, { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "4.19.293" }, { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "6.4.13" } ] } ] } ], "references": [ { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/42561fe62c3628ea3bc9623f64f047605e98857f" }, { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/de7b309139f862a44379ecd96e93c9133c69f813" }, { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/81a85b12132c8ffe98f5ddbdc185481790aeaa1b" }, { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a2cce54c1748216535dda02e185d07a084be837e" }, { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/099ef3385800828b74933a96c117574637c3fb3a" }, { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c85efe6e13743cac6ba4ccf144cb91f44c86231a" }, { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f14752d66056d0c7bffe5092130409417d3baa70" }, { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/70be951bc01e4a0e10d443f3510bb17426f257fb" }, { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7f81f27b1093e4895e87b74143c59c055c3b1906" } ], "title": "tracing: Fix use-after-free in print_graph_function_flags during tracer switching", "x_generator": { "engine": "bippy-1.2.0" } }, "adp": [ { "metrics": [ { "cvssV3_1": { "scope": "UNCHANGED", "version": "3.1", "baseScore": 7.8, "attackVector": "LOCAL", "baseSeverity": "HIGH", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "userInteraction": "NONE", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH" } }, { "other": { "type": "ssvc", "content": { "id": "CVE-2025-22035", "role": "CISA Coordinator", "options": [ { "Exploitation": "none" }, { "Automatable": "no" }, { "Technical Impact": "total" } ], "version": "2.0.3", "timestamp": "2025-04-21T14:57:52.767300Z" } } } ], "problemTypes": [ { "descriptions": [ { "lang": "en", "type": "CWE", "cweId": "CWE-416", "description": "CWE-416 Use After Free" } ] } ], "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment", "providerMetadata": { "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0", "shortName": "CISA-ADP", "dateUpdated": "2025-04-21T15:01:46.658Z" } }, { "title": "CVE Program Container", "references": [ { "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/05/msg00045.html" }, { "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/05/msg00030.html" } ], "providerMetadata": { "orgId": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108", "shortName": "CVE", "dateUpdated": "2025-11-03T19:41:18.919Z" } } ] } }