{ "dataType": "CVE_RECORD", "dataVersion": "5.2", "cveMetadata": { "cveId": "CVE-2025-21991", "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "state": "PUBLISHED", "assignerShortName": "Linux", "dateReserved": "2024-12-29T08:45:45.800Z", "datePublished": "2025-04-02T12:53:14.230Z", "dateUpdated": "2026-05-23T15:57:34.986Z" }, "containers": { "cna": { "providerMetadata": { "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "shortName": "Linux", "dateUpdated": "2026-05-23T15:57:34.986Z" }, "descriptions": [ { "lang": "en", "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nx86/microcode/AMD: Fix out-of-bounds on systems with CPU-less NUMA nodes\n\nCurrently, load_microcode_amd() iterates over all NUMA nodes, retrieves their\nCPU masks and unconditionally accesses per-CPU data for the first CPU of each\nmask.\n\nAccording to Documentation/admin-guide/mm/numaperf.rst:\n\n \"Some memory may share the same node as a CPU, and others are provided as\n memory only nodes.\"\n\nTherefore, some node CPU masks may be empty and wouldn't have a \"first CPU\".\n\nOn a machine with far memory (and therefore CPU-less NUMA nodes):\n- cpumask_of_node(nid) is 0\n- cpumask_first(0) is CONFIG_NR_CPUS\n- cpu_data(CONFIG_NR_CPUS) accesses the cpu_info per-CPU array at an\n index that is 1 out of bounds\n\nThis does not have any security implications since flashing microcode is\na privileged operation but I believe this has reliability implications by\npotentially corrupting memory while flashing a microcode update.\n\nWhen booting with CONFIG_UBSAN_BOUNDS=y on an AMD machine that flashes\na microcode update. I get the following splat:\n\n UBSAN: array-index-out-of-bounds in arch/x86/kernel/cpu/microcode/amd.c:X:Y\n index 512 is out of range for type 'unsigned long[512]'\n [...]\n Call Trace:\n dump_stack\n __ubsan_handle_out_of_bounds\n load_microcode_amd\n request_microcode_amd\n reload_store\n kernfs_fop_write_iter\n vfs_write\n ksys_write\n do_syscall_64\n entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe\n\nChange the loop to go over only NUMA nodes which have CPUs before determining\nwhether the first CPU on the respective node needs microcode update.\n\n [ bp: Massage commit message, fix typo. ]" } ], "affected": [ { "product": "Linux", "vendor": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "unaffected", "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "programFiles": [ "arch/x86/kernel/cpu/microcode/amd.c" ], "versions": [ { "version": "979e197968a1e8f09bf0d706801dba4432f85ab3", "lessThan": "d509c4731090ebd9bbdb72c70a2d70003ae81f4f", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "44a44b57e88f311c1415be1f567c50050913c149", "lessThan": "985a536e04bbfffb1770df43c6470f635a6b1073", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "be2710deaed3ab1402379a2ede30a3754fe6767a", "lessThan": "18b5d857c6496b78ead2fd10001b81ae32d30cac", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "d576547f489c935b9897d4acf8beee3325dea8a5", "lessThan": "ec52240622c4d218d0240079b7c1d3ec2328a9f4", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "7ff6edf4fef38ab404ee7861f257e28eaaeed35f", "lessThan": "e686349cc19e800dac8971929089ba5ff59abfb0", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "7ff6edf4fef38ab404ee7861f257e28eaaeed35f", "lessThan": "488ffc0cac38f203979f83634236ee53251ce593", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "7ff6edf4fef38ab404ee7861f257e28eaaeed35f", "lessThan": "5ac295dfccb5b015493f86694fa13a0dde4d3665", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "7ff6edf4fef38ab404ee7861f257e28eaaeed35f", "lessThan": "e3e89178a9f4a80092578af3ff3c8478f9187d59", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "d6353e2fc12c5b8f00f86efa30ed73d2da2f77be", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "1b1e0eb1d2971a686b9f7bdc146115bcefcbb960", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "eaf5dea1eb8c2928554b3ca717575cbe232b843c", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "5.4.235", "lessThan": "5.4.292", "status": "affected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "5.10.173", "lessThan": "5.10.236", "status": "affected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "5.15.99", "lessThan": "5.15.180", "status": "affected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "6.1.16", "lessThan": "6.1.132", "status": "affected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "4.14.308", "lessThan": "4.15", "status": "affected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "4.19.276", "lessThan": "4.20", "status": "affected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "6.2.3", "lessThan": "6.3", "status": "affected", "versionType": "semver" } ] }, { "product": "Linux", "vendor": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "affected", "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "programFiles": [ "arch/x86/kernel/cpu/microcode/amd.c" ], "versions": [ { "version": "6.3", "status": "affected" }, { "version": "0", "lessThan": "6.3", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "5.4.292", "lessThanOrEqual": "5.4.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "5.10.236", "lessThanOrEqual": "5.10.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "5.15.180", "lessThanOrEqual": "5.15.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "6.1.132", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "6.6.84", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "6.12.20", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "6.13.8", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.13.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "6.14", "lessThanOrEqual": "*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix" } ] } ], "cpeApplicability": [ { "nodes": [ { "operator": "OR", "negate": false, "cpeMatch": [ { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "5.4.235", "versionEndExcluding": "5.4.292" }, { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "5.10.173", "versionEndExcluding": "5.10.236" }, { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "5.15.99", "versionEndExcluding": "5.15.180" }, { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "6.1.16", "versionEndExcluding": "6.1.132" }, { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "6.3", "versionEndExcluding": "6.6.84" }, { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "6.3", "versionEndExcluding": "6.12.20" }, { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "6.3", "versionEndExcluding": "6.13.8" }, { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "6.3", "versionEndExcluding": "6.14" }, { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "4.14.308" }, { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "4.19.276" }, { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "6.2.3" } ] } ] } ], "references": [ { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d509c4731090ebd9bbdb72c70a2d70003ae81f4f" }, { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/985a536e04bbfffb1770df43c6470f635a6b1073" }, { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/18b5d857c6496b78ead2fd10001b81ae32d30cac" }, { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ec52240622c4d218d0240079b7c1d3ec2328a9f4" }, { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e686349cc19e800dac8971929089ba5ff59abfb0" }, { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/488ffc0cac38f203979f83634236ee53251ce593" }, { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/5ac295dfccb5b015493f86694fa13a0dde4d3665" }, { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e3e89178a9f4a80092578af3ff3c8478f9187d59" } ], "title": "x86/microcode/AMD: Fix out-of-bounds on systems with CPU-less NUMA nodes", "x_generator": { "engine": "bippy-1.2.0" } }, "adp": [ { "problemTypes": [ { "descriptions": [ { "type": "CWE", "cweId": "CWE-129", "lang": "en", "description": "CWE-129 Improper Validation of Array Index" } ] } ], "metrics": [ { "cvssV3_1": { "scope": "UNCHANGED", "version": "3.1", "baseScore": 7.8, "attackVector": "LOCAL", "baseSeverity": "HIGH", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "userInteraction": "NONE", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH" } }, { "other": { "type": "ssvc", "content": { "timestamp": "2025-10-01T17:13:39.419226Z", "id": "CVE-2025-21991", "options": [ { "Exploitation": "none" }, { "Automatable": "no" }, { "Technical Impact": "total" } ], "role": "CISA Coordinator", "version": "2.0.3" } } } ], "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment", "providerMetadata": { "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0", "shortName": "CISA-ADP", "dateUpdated": "2025-10-01T17:13:42.269Z" } }, { "title": "CVE Program Container", "references": [ { "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/05/msg00045.html" }, { "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/05/msg00030.html" } ], "providerMetadata": { "orgId": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108", "shortName": "CVE", "dateUpdated": "2025-11-03T19:40:28.243Z" } } ] } }