CVE-2025-15135

Exploitation

Public exploit code exists. CISA's assessment records a public proof of concept. That is not a report of exploitation in the wild.

SSVC decision

• ExploitationpocPublic proof-of-concept exploit code exists. Not a report of exploitation in the wild.
• AutomatablenoAt least one step from reconnaissance to exploitation cannot be reliably automated.
• Technical ImpactpartialSuccessful exploitation gives limited control of the vulnerable component.

CISA publishes the decision points, not a final SSVC decision. The decision also depends on mission and well-being impact, which is a property of your deployment rather than of the vulnerability.

EPSS probability

0.34% probability of exploitation activity in the next 30 days.

EPSS percentile

Ranks above 26.0% of scored records. A rank, not a probability.

NVD base score

2.1 (CVSS v4.0), scored by the NVD independently of the CNA.

NVD CVSS vector

CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X

NVD analysis status

Deferred. NVD last modified this record on 2026-06-17.

Red Hat severity

No Red Hat rating. Red Hat rates the CVEs that affect its products.

Exploit-prediction scores from FIRST. Independent scoring and analysis status from the NVD. Vendor severity from Red Hat. Exploitation assessment and catalog membership from CISA.

Published

2025-12-28 12:02Z8 MO AGO

Last updated

2025-12-29 17:58Z8 MO AGO

Reserved

2025-12-27

Assigning CNA

VulDB

Record state

PUBLISHED

Severity

Medium (CVSS 5.3)

CNA CVSS vector

CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P

Weaknesses

• CWE-287Improper AuthenticationClass

Data version

5.2

Document digest

38945d2224bf2a476187338bfba3f4da89ca38884059233c9d36a2756d27b74b

• vuldb.comVDB-338513 | joey-zhou xiaozhi-esp32-server-java Cookie AuthenticationInterceptor.java tryAuthenticateWithCookies improper authenticationhttps://vuldb.com/?id.338513vdb-entrytechnical-description
• vuldb.comVDB-338513 | CTI Indicators (IOB, IOC, IOA)https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.338513signaturepermissions-required
• vuldb.comSubmit #713990 | joey-zhou xiaozhi-esp32-server-java V3.0.0 Improper Authenticationhttps://vuldb.com/?submit.713990third-party-advisory
• github.comhttps://github.com/joey-zhou/xiaozhi-esp32-server-java/issues/143issue-tracking
• github.comhttps://github.com/joey-zhou/xiaozhi-esp32-server-java/issues/143#issuecomment-3666534810issue-tracking
• github.comhttps://github.com/joey-zhou/xiaozhi-esp32-server-java/issues/143#issue-3722315701exploitissue-tracking
• github.comhttps://github.com/joey-zhou/xiaozhi-esp32-server-java/releases/tag/v4.0.0patch