CVE-2025-12331

Exploitation

Assessed, none found. CISA's assessment recorded neither public exploit code nor evidence of exploitation when it was made.

SSVC decision

• ExploitationnoneCISA recorded no public exploit code and no evidence of exploitation.
• AutomatablenoAt least one step from reconnaissance to exploitation cannot be reliably automated.
• Technical ImpactpartialSuccessful exploitation gives limited control of the vulnerable component.

CISA publishes the decision points, not a final SSVC decision. The decision also depends on mission and well-being impact, which is a property of your deployment rather than of the vulnerability.

EPSS probability

0.36% probability of exploitation activity in the next 30 days.

EPSS percentile

Ranks above 28.8% of scored records. A rank, not a probability.

NVD base score

2.0 (CVSS v4.0), scored by the NVD independently of the CNA.

NVD CVSS vector

CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X

NVD analysis status

Analyzed. NVD last modified this record on 2026-06-17.

Red Hat severity

No Red Hat rating. Red Hat rates the CVEs that affect its products.

Exploit-prediction scores from FIRST. Independent scoring and analysis status from the NVD. Vendor severity from Red Hat. Exploitation assessment and catalog membership from CISA.

Published

2025-10-27 22:02Z10 MO AGO

Last updated

2025-10-28 19:47Z10 MO AGO

Reserved

2025-10-27

Assigning CNA

VulDB

Record state

PUBLISHED

Severity

Medium (CVSS 5.1)

CNA CVSS vector

CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P

Weaknesses

• CWE-284Improper Access ControlPillar
• CWE-434Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous TypeBase

Data version

5.1

Document digest

762846c5496db7e85b440b1b67b010aec8b859254ca454def7691c81890eceec

• vuldb.comVDB-330116 | Willow CMS add unrestricted uploadhttps://vuldb.com/?id.330116vdb-entry
• vuldb.comVDB-330116 | CTI Indicators (IOB, IOC, TTP, IOA)https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.330116signaturepermissions-required
• vuldb.comSubmit #674439 | matthewdeaves Willow CMS v1.4.0 Remote Code Executionhttps://vuldb.com/?submit.674439third-party-advisory
• github.comhttps://github.com/matthewdeaves/willow/issues/132issue-tracking
• www.youtube.comhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zacD0QLUYs8exploitmedia-coverage