{ "dataType": "CVE_RECORD", "dataVersion": "5.2", "cveMetadata": { "cveId": "CVE-2024-57979", "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "state": "PUBLISHED", "assignerShortName": "Linux", "dateReserved": "2025-02-27T02:04:28.912Z", "datePublished": "2025-02-27T02:07:06.168Z", "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T11:47:07.328Z" }, "containers": { "cna": { "providerMetadata": { "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "shortName": "Linux", "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T11:47:07.328Z" }, "descriptions": [ { "lang": "en", "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\npps: Fix a use-after-free\n\nOn a board running ntpd and gpsd, I'm seeing a consistent use-after-free\nin sys_exit() from gpsd when rebooting:\n\n pps pps1: removed\n ------------[ cut here ]------------\n kobject: '(null)' (00000000db4bec24): is not initialized, yet kobject_put() is being called.\n WARNING: CPU: 2 PID: 440 at lib/kobject.c:734 kobject_put+0x120/0x150\n CPU: 2 UID: 299 PID: 440 Comm: gpsd Not tainted 6.11.0-rc6-00308-gb31c44928842 #1\n Hardware name: Raspberry Pi 4 Model B Rev 1.1 (DT)\n pstate: 60000005 (nZCv daif -PAN -UAO -TCO -DIT -SSBS BTYPE=--)\n pc : kobject_put+0x120/0x150\n lr : kobject_put+0x120/0x150\n sp : ffffffc0803d3ae0\n x29: ffffffc0803d3ae0 x28: ffffff8042dc9738 x27: 0000000000000001\n x26: 0000000000000000 x25: ffffff8042dc9040 x24: ffffff8042dc9440\n x23: ffffff80402a4620 x22: ffffff8042ef4bd0 x21: ffffff80405cb600\n x20: 000000000008001b x19: ffffff8040b3b6e0 x18: 0000000000000000\n x17: 0000000000000000 x16: 0000000000000000 x15: 696e6920746f6e20\n x14: 7369203a29343263 x13: 205d303434542020 x12: 0000000000000000\n x11: 0000000000000000 x10: 0000000000000000 x9 : 0000000000000000\n x8 : 0000000000000000 x7 : 0000000000000000 x6 : 0000000000000000\n x5 : 0000000000000000 x4 : 0000000000000000 x3 : 0000000000000000\n x2 : 0000000000000000 x1 : 0000000000000000 x0 : 0000000000000000\n Call trace:\n kobject_put+0x120/0x150\n cdev_put+0x20/0x3c\n __fput+0x2c4/0x2d8\n ____fput+0x1c/0x38\n task_work_run+0x70/0xfc\n do_exit+0x2a0/0x924\n do_group_exit+0x34/0x90\n get_signal+0x7fc/0x8c0\n do_signal+0x128/0x13b4\n do_notify_resume+0xdc/0x160\n el0_svc+0xd4/0xf8\n el0t_64_sync_handler+0x140/0x14c\n el0t_64_sync+0x190/0x194\n ---[ end trace 0000000000000000 ]---\n\n...followed by more symptoms of corruption, with similar stacks:\n\n refcount_t: underflow; use-after-free.\n kernel BUG at lib/list_debug.c:62!\n Kernel panic - not syncing: Oops - BUG: Fatal exception\n\nThis happens because pps_device_destruct() frees the pps_device with the\nembedded cdev immediately after calling cdev_del(), but, as the comment\nabove cdev_del() notes, fops for previously opened cdevs are still\ncallable even after cdev_del() returns. I think this bug has always\nbeen there: I can't explain why it suddenly started happening every time\nI reboot this particular board.\n\nIn commit d953e0e837e6 (\"pps: Fix a use-after free bug when\nunregistering a source.\"), George Spelvin suggested removing the\nembedded cdev. That seems like the simplest way to fix this, so I've\nimplemented his suggestion, using __register_chrdev() with pps_idr\nbecoming the source of truth for which minor corresponds to which\ndevice.\n\nBut now that pps_idr defines userspace visibility instead of cdev_add(),\nwe need to be sure the pps->dev refcount can't reach zero while\nuserspace can still find it again. So, the idr_remove() call moves to\npps_unregister_cdev(), and pps_idr now holds a reference to pps->dev.\n\n pps_core: source serial1 got cdev (251:1)\n <...>\n pps pps1: removed\n pps_core: unregistering pps1\n pps_core: deallocating pps1" } ], "metrics": [ { "cvssV3_1": { "version": "3.1", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "baseScore": 7.8, "baseSeverity": "HIGH" }, "scenarios": [ { "lang": "en", "value": "AV:L - The vulnerability is reached through local file descriptor operations — a TIOCSETD ioctl on a tty/pty to register and unregister the PPS source, plus open()/close() on the /dev/ppsN character device. No network or remote input is involved.\nAC:L - The attacker controls every step of the sequence (create pty, set N_PPS ldisc, open /dev/ppsN, tear down the ldisc, close the fd), and the use-after-free in __fput()'s cdev_put() follows deterministically from that ordering with no race the attacker cannot control. The reporter observed it reproduce consistently on every reboot, and the sequence can be repeated indefinitely to groom the heap.\nPR:L - No capability is checked anywhere on the path — TIOCSETD/N_PPS requires no privilege, pps_cdev_open()/pps_cdev_release() have no capable() call, and only PPS_SETPARAMS/PPS_KC_BIND need CAP_SYS_TIME. An unprivileged local account with access to /dev/ppsN (granted by the standard udev rules shipped on the GPS/NTP, telecom and industrial timing systems where PPS is deployed, so gpsd/chrony/ntpsec can run non-root) can drive the entire sequence.\nUI:N - The attacker performs all steps itself from a single process using its own pty and its own file descriptors; no action by any other user or administrator is required.\nS:U - The freed object, the corrupted memory, and the resulting code execution all reside in the kernel of the same host — this is a standard local privilege-escalation primitive with no crossing of a VM, IOMMU, or sandbox authority boundary.\nC:H - The use-after-free lets the attacker reclaim the freed struct pps_device from a generic kmalloc cache and have the kernel dereference attacker-supplied pointers from it (cdev->owner, kobj->ktype, kobj->name), yielding an arbitrary kernel read primitive and full disclosure of kernel memory.\nI:H - kobject_cleanup() performs an indirect call through t->release read out of the freed object, and cdev_purge() does list_del_init() on freed list heads — giving an arbitrary function-pointer call, an arbitrary unlink write, and an arbitrary kfree(), all sufficient for control-flow hijacking and privilege escalation.\nA:H - Even without exploitation the bug reliably corrupts the kernel — the reporter documented kobject_put() warnings, \"refcount_t: underflow; use-after-free\", \"kernel BUG at lib/list_debug.c:62\" and \"Kernel panic - not syncing: Oops - BUG: Fatal exception\", a complete denial of service triggerable at will." } ] } ], "affected": [ { "product": "Linux", "vendor": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "unaffected", "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "programFiles": [ "drivers/pps/clients/pps-gpio.c", "drivers/pps/clients/pps-ktimer.c", "drivers/pps/clients/pps-ldisc.c", "drivers/pps/clients/pps_parport.c", "drivers/pps/kapi.c", "drivers/pps/kc.c", "drivers/pps/pps.c", "drivers/ptp/ptp_ocp.c", "include/linux/pps_kernel.h" ], "versions": [ { "version": "d953e0e837e65ecc1ddaa4f9560f7925878a0de6", "lessThan": "785c78ed0d39d1717cca3ef931d3e51337b5e90e", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "d953e0e837e65ecc1ddaa4f9560f7925878a0de6", "lessThan": "1a7735ab2cb9747518a7416fb5929e85442dec62", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "d953e0e837e65ecc1ddaa4f9560f7925878a0de6", "lessThan": "c4041b6b0a7a3def8cf3f3d6120ff337bc4c40f7", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "d953e0e837e65ecc1ddaa4f9560f7925878a0de6", "lessThan": "91932db1d96b2952299ce30c1c693d834d10ace6", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "d953e0e837e65ecc1ddaa4f9560f7925878a0de6", "lessThan": "cd3bbcb6b3a7caa5ce67de76723b6d8531fb7f64", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "d953e0e837e65ecc1ddaa4f9560f7925878a0de6", "lessThan": "7e5ee3281dc09014367f5112b6d566ba36ea2d49", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "d953e0e837e65ecc1ddaa4f9560f7925878a0de6", "lessThan": "85241f7de216f8298f6e48540ea13d7dcd100870", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "d953e0e837e65ecc1ddaa4f9560f7925878a0de6", "lessThan": "c79a39dc8d060b9e64e8b0fa9d245d44befeefbe", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "77327a71f9841b7dfa708195d1cb133d4ef4a989", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "cd59fb14918a6b20c1ac8be121fa6397b97b00cb", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "49626fbb0360332e40fd76a48cb2ba876d6134ad", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "3.2.40", "lessThan": "3.3", "status": "affected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "3.4.87", "lessThan": "3.5", "status": "affected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "3.8.1", "lessThan": "3.9", "status": "affected", "versionType": "semver" } ] }, { "product": "Linux", "vendor": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "affected", "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "programFiles": [ "drivers/pps/clients/pps-gpio.c", "drivers/pps/clients/pps-ktimer.c", "drivers/pps/clients/pps-ldisc.c", "drivers/pps/clients/pps_parport.c", "drivers/pps/kapi.c", "drivers/pps/kc.c", "drivers/pps/pps.c", "drivers/ptp/ptp_ocp.c", "include/linux/pps_kernel.h" ], "versions": [ { "version": "3.9", "status": "affected" }, { "version": "0", "lessThan": "3.9", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "5.4.291", "lessThanOrEqual": "5.4.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "5.10.235", "lessThanOrEqual": "5.10.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "5.15.179", "lessThanOrEqual": "5.15.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "6.1.129", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "6.6.76", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "6.12.13", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "6.13.2", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.13.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "6.14", "lessThanOrEqual": "*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix" } ] } ], "cpeApplicability": [ { "nodes": [ { "operator": "OR", "negate": false, "cpeMatch": [ { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "3.9", "versionEndExcluding": "5.4.291" }, { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "3.9", "versionEndExcluding": "5.10.235" }, { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "3.9", "versionEndExcluding": "5.15.179" }, { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "3.9", "versionEndExcluding": "6.1.129" }, { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "3.9", "versionEndExcluding": "6.6.76" }, { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "3.9", "versionEndExcluding": "6.12.13" }, { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "3.9", "versionEndExcluding": "6.13.2" }, { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "3.9", "versionEndExcluding": "6.14" }, { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "3.2.40" }, { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "3.4.87" }, { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "3.8.1" } ] } ] } ], "references": [ { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/785c78ed0d39d1717cca3ef931d3e51337b5e90e" }, { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1a7735ab2cb9747518a7416fb5929e85442dec62" }, { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c4041b6b0a7a3def8cf3f3d6120ff337bc4c40f7" }, { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/91932db1d96b2952299ce30c1c693d834d10ace6" }, { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/cd3bbcb6b3a7caa5ce67de76723b6d8531fb7f64" }, { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7e5ee3281dc09014367f5112b6d566ba36ea2d49" }, { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/85241f7de216f8298f6e48540ea13d7dcd100870" }, { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c79a39dc8d060b9e64e8b0fa9d245d44befeefbe" } ], "title": "pps: Fix a use-after-free", "x_generator": { "engine": "bippy-1.2.0" } }, "adp": [ { "metrics": [ { "cvssV3_1": { "scope": "UNCHANGED", "version": "3.1", "baseScore": 7.8, "attackVector": "LOCAL", "baseSeverity": "HIGH", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "userInteraction": "NONE", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH" } }, { "other": { "type": "ssvc", "content": { "id": "CVE-2024-57979", "role": "CISA Coordinator", "options": [ { "Exploitation": "none" }, { "Automatable": "no" }, { "Technical Impact": "total" } ], "version": "2.0.3", "timestamp": "2025-02-27T18:14:45.747533Z" } } } ], "problemTypes": [ { "descriptions": [ { "lang": "en", "type": "CWE", "cweId": "CWE-416", "description": "CWE-416 Use After Free" } ] } ], "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment", "providerMetadata": { "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0", "shortName": "CISA-ADP", "dateUpdated": "2025-02-27T18:22:30.363Z" } }, { "title": "CVE Program Container", "references": [ { "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/05/msg00030.html" }, { "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/03/msg00028.html" } ], "providerMetadata": { "orgId": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108", "shortName": "CVE", "dateUpdated": "2025-11-03T19:32:56.266Z" } }, { "x_adpType": "supplier", "providerMetadata": { "orgId": "0b142b55-0307-4c5a-b3c9-f314f3fb7c5e", "shortName": "siemens-SADP", "dateUpdated": "2026-07-14T12:38:47.414Z" }, "affected": [ { "vendor": "Siemens", "product": "SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518-4 PN/DP MFP", "versions": [ { "status": "affected", "version": "V3.1.6", "lessThan": "*", "versionType": "custom" } ], "defaultStatus": "unknown" }, { "vendor": "Siemens", "product": "SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518-4 PN/DP MFP", "versions": [ { "status": "affected", "version": "V3.1.6", "lessThan": "*", "versionType": "custom" } ], "defaultStatus": "unknown" }, { "vendor": "Siemens", "product": "SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518F-4 PN/DP MFP", "versions": [ { "status": "affected", "version": "V3.1.6", "lessThan": "*", "versionType": "custom" } ], "defaultStatus": "unknown" }, { "vendor": "Siemens", "product": "SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518F-4 PN/DP MFP", "versions": [ { "status": "affected", "version": "V3.1.6", "lessThan": "*", "versionType": "custom" } ], "defaultStatus": "unknown" }, { "vendor": "Siemens", "product": "SIMATIC S7-1500 TM MFP - GNU/Linux subsystem", "versions": [ { "status": "affected", "version": "0", "lessThan": "*", "versionType": "custom" } ], "defaultStatus": "unknown" }, { "vendor": "Siemens", "product": "SIPLUS S7-1500 CPU 1518-4 PN/DP MFP", "versions": [ { "status": "affected", "version": "V3.1.6", "lessThan": "*", "versionType": "custom" } ], "defaultStatus": "unknown" } ], "references": [ { "url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-265688.html" }, { "url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-019113.html" } ] } ] } }