{ "dataType": "CVE_RECORD", "dataVersion": "5.2", "cveMetadata": { "cveId": "CVE-2024-57945", "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "state": "PUBLISHED", "assignerShortName": "Linux", "dateReserved": "2025-01-19T11:50:08.380Z", "datePublished": "2025-01-21T12:18:12.548Z", "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T11:47:00.906Z" }, "containers": { "cna": { "providerMetadata": { "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "shortName": "Linux", "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T11:47:00.906Z" }, "descriptions": [ { "lang": "en", "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nriscv: mm: Fix the out of bound issue of vmemmap address\n\nIn sparse vmemmap model, the virtual address of vmemmap is calculated as:\n((struct page *)VMEMMAP_START - (phys_ram_base >> PAGE_SHIFT)).\nAnd the struct page's va can be calculated with an offset:\n(vmemmap + (pfn)).\n\nHowever, when initializing struct pages, kernel actually starts from the\nfirst page from the same section that phys_ram_base belongs to. If the\nfirst page's physical address is not (phys_ram_base >> PAGE_SHIFT), then\nwe get an va below VMEMMAP_START when calculating va for it's struct page.\n\nFor example, if phys_ram_base starts from 0x82000000 with pfn 0x82000, the\nfirst page in the same section is actually pfn 0x80000. During\ninit_unavailable_range(), we will initialize struct page for pfn 0x80000\nwith virtual address ((struct page *)VMEMMAP_START - 0x2000), which is\nbelow VMEMMAP_START as well as PCI_IO_END.\n\nThis commit fixes this bug by introducing a new variable\n'vmemmap_start_pfn' which is aligned with memory section size and using\nit to calculate vmemmap address instead of phys_ram_base." } ], "metrics": [ { "cvssV3_1": { "version": "3.1", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "baseScore": 7.8, "baseSeverity": "HIGH" }, "scenarios": [ { "lang": "en", "value": "AV:L - The defect is in RISC-V early boot memory management (`setup_bootmem()`/`sparse_init()`/`init_unavailable_range()`), reachable only through operation of the local system; no network, adjacent-network, or remote-peer data path exists to arch/riscv/mm/init.c. Local is scored over Physical because the corrupted state is present on every boot of an affected board without any physical device interaction.\nAC:L - On an affected system (DRAM base not aligned to the 128 MB `SECTION_SIZE_BITS==27` boundary, e.g. 0x82000000), the out-of-bounds PMD mapping and the struct page writes into the PCI I/O window occur deterministically on every single boot — there is no race, no memory-layout lottery, and no timing window to win.\nPR:L - The flawed mapping is created during boot with no privileges involved at all, and any local unprivileged user then runs on a system whose PCI I/O virtual window is already aliased onto the struct page array; no authentication, capability, or namespace gate protects the resulting state.\nUI:N - No victim action of any kind is required — the out-of-bounds vmemmap base is computed and the struct pages are written by `sparse_init()`/`free_area_init()` before userspace exists.\nS:U - The out-of-bounds writes, the aliased PCI I/O mappings, and the resulting panic are all inside the kernel's own security authority; no VM, IOMMU/DMA, or sandbox boundary is crossed.\nC:H - Kernel struct page data (page flags, node/zone identifiers, and mapping/lru pointers containing kernel addresses) is written into the PCI I/O port VA window, so I/O port reads in that range return kernel memory contents, and the reverse aliasing makes device register values readable as page metadata — an unbounded out-of-bounds read/disclosure primitive across ~2 MB.\nI:H - This is a genuine out-of-bounds write: up to 2 MB of struct page state is written below `VMEMMAP_START` into the PCI I/O region, and where a PCI I/O mapping wins the overlap, subsequent kernel writes to those `struct page` fields become writes to device registers while page metadata itself is corrupted with device-supplied values.\nA:H - If a host bridge's I/O resource overlaps the stolen top 2 MB, `pci_remap_iospace()` → `vmap_pte_range()` hits the `BUG()` on the already-populated PTE, panicking the kernel during PCI probe; corrupted page metadata from aliased MMIO reads likewise oopses the page allocator." } ] } ], "affected": [ { "product": "Linux", "vendor": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "unaffected", "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "programFiles": [ "arch/riscv/include/asm/page.h", "arch/riscv/include/asm/pgtable.h", "arch/riscv/mm/init.c" ], "versions": [ { "version": "8af1c121b0102041809bc137ec600d1865eaeedd", "lessThan": "04350304428063da6a55a8a4597d409dc69148b2", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "8310080799b40fd9f2a8b808c657269678c149af", "lessThan": "92f08673d3f1893191323572f60e3c62f2e57c2f", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "a278d5c60f21aa15d540abb2f2da6e6d795c3e6e", "lessThan": "a4a7ac3d266008018f05fae53060fcb331151a14", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "a11dd49dcb9376776193e15641f84fcc1e5980c9", "lessThan": "d2bd51954ac8377c2f1eb1813e694788998add66", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "a11dd49dcb9376776193e15641f84fcc1e5980c9", "lessThan": "f754f27e98f88428aaf6be6e00f5cbce97f62d4b", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "5941a90c55d3bfba732b32208d58d997600b44ef", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "2a1728c15ec4f45ed9248ae22f626541c179bfbe", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "5.10.212", "lessThan": "5.10.258", "status": "affected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "6.1.81", "lessThan": "6.1.140", "status": "affected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "6.6.21", "lessThan": "6.6.72", "status": "affected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "5.15.151", "lessThan": "5.16", "status": "affected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "6.7.9", "lessThan": "6.8", "status": "affected", "versionType": "semver" } ] }, { "product": "Linux", "vendor": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "affected", "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "programFiles": [ "arch/riscv/include/asm/page.h", "arch/riscv/include/asm/pgtable.h", "arch/riscv/mm/init.c" ], "versions": [ { "version": "6.8", "status": "affected" }, { "version": "0", "lessThan": "6.8", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "5.10.258", "lessThanOrEqual": "5.10.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "6.1.140", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "6.6.72", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "6.12.10", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "6.13", "lessThanOrEqual": "*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix" } ] } ], "cpeApplicability": [ { "nodes": [ { "operator": "OR", "negate": false, "cpeMatch": [ { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "5.10.212", "versionEndExcluding": "5.10.258" }, { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "6.1.81", "versionEndExcluding": "6.1.140" }, { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "6.6.21", "versionEndExcluding": "6.6.72" }, { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "6.8", "versionEndExcluding": "6.12.10" }, { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "6.8", "versionEndExcluding": "6.13" }, { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "5.15.151" }, { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "6.7.9" } ] } ] } ], "references": [ { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/04350304428063da6a55a8a4597d409dc69148b2" }, { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/92f08673d3f1893191323572f60e3c62f2e57c2f" }, { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a4a7ac3d266008018f05fae53060fcb331151a14" }, { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d2bd51954ac8377c2f1eb1813e694788998add66" }, { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f754f27e98f88428aaf6be6e00f5cbce97f62d4b" } ], "title": "riscv: mm: Fix the out of bound issue of vmemmap address", "x_generator": { "engine": "bippy-1.2.0" } }, "adp": [ { "title": "CVE Program Container", "references": [ { "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/08/msg00010.html" } ], "providerMetadata": { "orgId": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108", "shortName": "CVE", "dateUpdated": "2025-11-03T19:32:46.584Z" } } ] } }