{ "dataType": "CVE_RECORD", "dataVersion": "5.2", "cveMetadata": { "cveId": "CVE-2024-53121", "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "state": "PUBLISHED", "assignerShortName": "Linux", "dateReserved": "2024-11-19T17:17:24.994Z", "datePublished": "2024-12-02T13:44:51.864Z", "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T11:43:51.943Z" }, "containers": { "cna": { "providerMetadata": { "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "shortName": "Linux", "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T11:43:51.943Z" }, "descriptions": [ { "lang": "en", "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnet/mlx5: fs, lock FTE when checking if active\n\nThe referenced commits introduced a two-step process for deleting FTEs:\n\n- Lock the FTE, delete it from hardware, set the hardware deletion function\n to NULL and unlock the FTE.\n- Lock the parent flow group, delete the software copy of the FTE, and\n remove it from the xarray.\n\nHowever, this approach encounters a race condition if a rule with the same\nmatch value is added simultaneously. In this scenario, fs_core may set the\nhardware deletion function to NULL prematurely, causing a panic during\nsubsequent rule deletions.\n\nTo prevent this, ensure the active flag of the FTE is checked under a lock,\nwhich will prevent the fs_core layer from attaching a new steering rule to\nan FTE that is in the process of deletion.\n\n[ 438.967589] MOSHE: 2496 mlx5_del_flow_rules del_hw_func\n[ 438.968205] ------------[ cut here ]------------\n[ 438.968654] refcount_t: decrement hit 0; leaking memory.\n[ 438.969249] WARNING: CPU: 0 PID: 8957 at lib/refcount.c:31 refcount_warn_saturate+0xfb/0x110\n[ 438.970054] Modules linked in: act_mirred cls_flower act_gact sch_ingress openvswitch nsh mlx5_vdpa vringh vhost_iotlb vdpa mlx5_ib mlx5_core xt_conntrack xt_MASQUERADE nf_conntrack_netlink nfnetlink xt_addrtype iptable_nat nf_nat br_netfilter rpcsec_gss_krb5 auth_rpcgss oid_registry overlay rpcrdma rdma_ucm ib_iser libiscsi scsi_transport_iscsi ib_umad rdma_cm ib_ipoib iw_cm ib_cm ib_uverbs ib_core zram zsmalloc fuse [last unloaded: cls_flower]\n[ 438.973288] CPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 8957 Comm: tc Not tainted 6.12.0-rc1+ #8\n[ 438.973888] Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (Q35 + ICH9, 2009), BIOS rel-1.13.0-0-gf21b5a4aeb02-prebuilt.qemu.org 04/01/2014\n[ 438.974874] RIP: 0010:refcount_warn_saturate+0xfb/0x110\n[ 438.975363] Code: 40 66 3b 82 c6 05 16 e9 4d 01 01 e8 1f 7c a0 ff 0f 0b c3 cc cc cc cc 48 c7 c7 10 66 3b 82 c6 05 fd e8 4d 01 01 e8 05 7c a0 ff <0f> 0b c3 cc cc cc cc 66 66 2e 0f 1f 84 00 00 00 00 00 0f 1f 00 90\n[ 438.976947] RSP: 0018:ffff888124a53610 EFLAGS: 00010286\n[ 438.977446] RAX: 0000000000000000 RBX: ffff888119d56de0 RCX: 0000000000000000\n[ 438.978090] RDX: ffff88852c828700 RSI: ffff88852c81b3c0 RDI: ffff88852c81b3c0\n[ 438.978721] RBP: ffff888120fa0e88 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: ffff888124a534b0\n[ 438.979353] R10: 0000000000000001 R11: 0000000000000001 R12: ffff888119d56de0\n[ 438.979979] R13: ffff888120fa0ec0 R14: ffff888120fa0ee8 R15: ffff888119d56de0\n[ 438.980607] FS: 00007fe6dcc0f800(0000) GS:ffff88852c800000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000\n[ 438.983984] CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033\n[ 438.984544] CR2: 00000000004275e0 CR3: 0000000186982001 CR4: 0000000000372eb0\n[ 438.985205] DR0: 0000000000000000 DR1: 0000000000000000 DR2: 0000000000000000\n[ 438.985842] DR3: 0000000000000000 DR6: 00000000fffe0ff0 DR7: 0000000000000400\n[ 438.986507] Call Trace:\n[ 438.986799] \n[ 438.987070] ? __warn+0x7d/0x110\n[ 438.987426] ? refcount_warn_saturate+0xfb/0x110\n[ 438.987877] ? report_bug+0x17d/0x190\n[ 438.988261] ? prb_read_valid+0x17/0x20\n[ 438.988659] ? handle_bug+0x53/0x90\n[ 438.989054] ? exc_invalid_op+0x14/0x70\n[ 438.989458] ? asm_exc_invalid_op+0x16/0x20\n[ 438.989883] ? refcount_warn_saturate+0xfb/0x110\n[ 438.990348] mlx5_del_flow_rules+0x2f7/0x340 [mlx5_core]\n[ 438.990932] __mlx5_eswitch_del_rule+0x49/0x170 [mlx5_core]\n[ 438.991519] ? mlx5_lag_is_sriov+0x3c/0x50 [mlx5_core]\n[ 438.992054] ? xas_load+0x9/0xb0\n[ 438.992407] mlx5e_tc_rule_unoffload+0x45/0xe0 [mlx5_core]\n[ 438.993037] mlx5e_tc_del_fdb_flow+0x2a6/0x2e0 [mlx5_core]\n[ 438.993623] mlx5e_flow_put+0x29/0x60 [mlx5_core]\n[ 438.994161] mlx5e_delete_flower+0x261/0x390 [mlx5_core]\n[ 438.994728] tc_setup_cb_destroy+0xb9/0x190\n[ 438.995150] fl_hw_destroy_filter+0x94/0xc0 [cls_flower]\n[ 438.995650] fl_change+0x11a4/0x13c0 [cls_flower]\n[ 438.996105] tc_new_tfilter+0x347/0xbc0\n[ 438.996503] ? __\n---truncated---" } ], "metrics": [ { "cvssV3_1": { "version": "3.1", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "baseScore": 7.8, "baseSeverity": "HIGH" }, "scenarios": [ { "lang": "en", "value": "AV:L - The race is driven through the local netlink/tc syscall interface (RTM_NEWTFILTER/RTM_DELTFILTER → cls_flower → mlx5e TC offload → mlx5_{add,del}_flow_rules), as shown in the reporter's trace. No remote packet-driven path into concurrent same-match-value FTE add/delete exists (aRFS adds are serialized on a single-threaded workqueue).\nAC:L - The attacker controls both sides of the race: cls_flower is TCF_PROTO_OPS_DOIT_UNLOCKED, so two threads can add and delete the identical flower filter concurrently without RTNL, in an unbounded loop. The vulnerable window is wide — it spans the entire delete_fte firmware command, because del_hw_func is NULLed before the FW call while node.active is only cleared after it completes.\nPR:L - Triggering requires CAP_NET_ADMIN over the netns owning an mlx5 netdev, enforced via ns_capable() and therefore obtainable through user namespaces (unshare -Urn), and routinely held by container root when an SR-IOV VF or representor is delegated into a container. This is unprivileged-user-reachable in realistic multi-tenant SR-IOV/switchdev deployments, not real init-namespace root.\nUI:N - The attacker performs both the add and delete operations itself from its own threads; no victim action or cooperation is needed.\nS:U - The corruption and the crash are confined to the kernel's own security authority on the same host; no VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary is crossed.\nC:H - The race leaves a heap object with a corrupted function pointer and a prematurely-zeroed, permanently saturated refcount that is never freed or unhashed, and desynchronizes hardware steering from software policy — in switchdev/SR-IOV deployments stale or missing FDB entries can steer tenant traffic to the wrong vport, exposing it. Choosing the higher value given the lifetime corruption is memory-safety-adjacent rather than a benign crash.\nI:H - This is not a plain NULL data dereference: an in-heap function pointer (fte->node.del_hw_func) is corrupted to NULL and then indirectly called, i.e. a control-flow transfer through a corrupted pointer, alongside reference-count corruption. Additionally the hardware rule can never be torn down once del_hw_func is NULL, so deleted steering/firewall rules persist in hardware while the operator believes they were removed.\nA:H - The next deletion of a rule on the resurrected FTE unconditionally calls a NULL function pointer, producing a kernel oops with the FTE rwsem (and tc filter state) still held, so all subsequent flow-steering and device-config operations hang permanently; on panic_on_warn systems the refcount_warn_saturate WARN alone panics the box." } ] } ], "affected": [ { "product": "Linux", "vendor": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "unaffected", "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "programFiles": [ "drivers/net/ethernet/mellanox/mlx5/core/fs_core.c" ], "versions": [ { "version": "718ce4d601dbf73b5dbe024a88c9e34168fe87f2", "lessThan": "0d568258f99f2076ab02e9234cbabbd43e12f30e", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "718ce4d601dbf73b5dbe024a88c9e34168fe87f2", "lessThan": "a508c74ceae2f5a4647f67c362126516d6404ed9", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "718ce4d601dbf73b5dbe024a88c9e34168fe87f2", "lessThan": "5b47c2f47c2fe921681f4a4fe2790375e6c04cdd", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "718ce4d601dbf73b5dbe024a88c9e34168fe87f2", "lessThan": "bfba288f53192db08c68d4c568db9783fb9cb838", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "718ce4d601dbf73b5dbe024a88c9e34168fe87f2", "lessThan": "094d1a2121cee1e85ab07d74388f94809dcfb5b9", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "718ce4d601dbf73b5dbe024a88c9e34168fe87f2", "lessThan": "933ef0d17f012b653e9e6006e3f50c8d0238b5ed", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "718ce4d601dbf73b5dbe024a88c9e34168fe87f2", "lessThan": "9ca314419930f9135727e39d77e66262d5f7bef6", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" } ] }, { "product": "Linux", "vendor": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "affected", "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "programFiles": [ "drivers/net/ethernet/mellanox/mlx5/core/fs_core.c" ], "versions": [ { "version": "5.1", "status": "affected" }, { "version": "0", "lessThan": "5.1", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "5.4.287", "lessThanOrEqual": "5.4.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "5.10.231", "lessThanOrEqual": "5.10.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "5.15.174", "lessThanOrEqual": "5.15.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "6.1.119", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "6.6.63", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "6.11.10", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.11.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "6.12", "lessThanOrEqual": "*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix" } ] } ], "cpeApplicability": [ { "nodes": [ { "operator": "OR", "negate": false, "cpeMatch": [ { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "5.1", "versionEndExcluding": "5.4.287" }, { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "5.1", "versionEndExcluding": "5.10.231" }, { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "5.1", "versionEndExcluding": "5.15.174" }, { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "5.1", "versionEndExcluding": "6.1.119" }, { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "5.1", "versionEndExcluding": "6.6.63" }, { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "5.1", "versionEndExcluding": "6.11.10" }, { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "5.1", "versionEndExcluding": "6.12" } ] } ] } ], "references": [ { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/0d568258f99f2076ab02e9234cbabbd43e12f30e" }, { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a508c74ceae2f5a4647f67c362126516d6404ed9" }, { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/5b47c2f47c2fe921681f4a4fe2790375e6c04cdd" }, { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/bfba288f53192db08c68d4c568db9783fb9cb838" }, { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/094d1a2121cee1e85ab07d74388f94809dcfb5b9" }, { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/933ef0d17f012b653e9e6006e3f50c8d0238b5ed" }, { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/9ca314419930f9135727e39d77e66262d5f7bef6" } ], "title": "net/mlx5: fs, lock FTE when checking if active", "x_generator": { "engine": "bippy-1.2.0" } }, "adp": [ { "title": "CVE Program Container", "references": [ { "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/03/msg00002.html" }, { "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/01/msg00001.html" } ], "providerMetadata": { "orgId": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108", "shortName": "CVE", "dateUpdated": "2025-11-03T22:29:27.540Z" } } ] } }