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        "cveId": "CVE-2024-41081",
        "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "state": "PUBLISHED",
        "assignerShortName": "Linux",
        "dateReserved": "2024-07-12T12:17:45.633Z",
        "datePublished": "2024-07-29T15:04:18.459Z",
        "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T11:35:15.378Z"
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                    "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nila: block BH in ila_output()\n\nAs explained in commit 1378817486d6 (\"tipc: block BH\nbefore using dst_cache\"), net/core/dst_cache.c\nhelpers need to be called with BH disabled.\n\nila_output() is called from lwtunnel_output()\npossibly from process context, and under rcu_read_lock().\n\nWe might be interrupted by a softirq, re-enter ila_output()\nand corrupt dst_cache data structures.\n\nFix the race by using local_bh_disable()."
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                        "baseSeverity": "CRITICAL"
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                            "value": "AV:N - On a host with an ILA lwtunnel route configured, `ila_output()` is reached directly from packet processing — forwarded/routed packets execute it in NET_RX/NET_TX softirq context while locally-originated traffic (including replies a remote peer induces from a server on the host) executes it in process context, so a remote unauthenticated attacker sending IPv6 traffic drives the vulnerable code path.\nAC:L - The attacker drives both sides of the race by controlling traffic rate on the softirq path and the process-context path, and can flood to make the softirq land inside the unprotected `dst_cache` update window; per-CPU state can be targeted by sustained load, so no condition outside the attacker's influence is required.\nPR:N - No credentials or authentication are needed — merely emitting IPv6 packets that traverse the configured ILA route reaches `ila_output()`. The equivalent local path is likewise available to an unprivileged user (netns + traffic generation), so no elevated privilege is required under any reading.\nUI:N - Triggering requires only attacker-generated network traffic against an already-configured ILA route; no administrator or victim action is needed at exploit time.\nS:U - The corruption and its consequences are confined to the kernel's own memory and security authority; no VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary is crossed.\nC:H - The race produces a use-after-free on `struct dst_entry` (stale per-CPU pointer taken and reused, or refcount underflow leading to premature free); a reclaimed and attacker-sprayed dst object can be leveraged to read arbitrary kernel memory.\nI:H - The freed `dst_entry` is immediately used for routing — `dst_output()` invokes `dst->output()` and `dst->ops` callbacks — so controlling the reclaimed object yields function-pointer hijack and arbitrary write, i.e. full kernel integrity loss.\nA:H - Even unexploited, the refcount corruption and use of a freed dst reliably cause oops/panic in the network output path, and the race can be retriggered continuously for repeated system crashes."
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