{ "dataType": "CVE_RECORD", "dataVersion": "5.2", "cveMetadata": { "cveId": "CVE-2023-54067", "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "state": "PUBLISHED", "assignerShortName": "Linux", "dateReserved": "2025-12-24T12:21:05.092Z", "datePublished": "2025-12-24T12:23:12.109Z", "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T09:16:54.578Z" }, "containers": { "cna": { "providerMetadata": { "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "shortName": "Linux", "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T09:16:54.578Z" }, "descriptions": [ { "lang": "en", "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nbtrfs: fix race when deleting free space root from the dirty cow roots list\n\nWhen deleting the free space tree we are deleting the free space root\nfrom the list fs_info->dirty_cowonly_roots without taking the lock that\nprotects it, which is struct btrfs_fs_info::trans_lock.\nThis unsynchronized list manipulation may cause chaos if there's another\nconcurrent manipulation of this list, such as when adding a root to it\nwith ctree.c:add_root_to_dirty_list().\n\nThis can result in all sorts of weird failures caused by a race, such as\nthe following crash:\n\n [337571.278245] general protection fault, probably for non-canonical address 0xdead000000000108: 0000 [#1] PREEMPT SMP PTI\n [337571.278933] CPU: 1 PID: 115447 Comm: btrfs Tainted: G W 6.4.0-rc6-btrfs-next-134+ #1\n [337571.279153] Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS rel-1.14.0-0-g155821a1990b-prebuilt.qemu.org 04/01/2014\n [337571.279572] RIP: 0010:commit_cowonly_roots+0x11f/0x250 [btrfs]\n [337571.279928] Code: 85 38 06 00 (...)\n [337571.280363] RSP: 0018:ffff9f63446efba0 EFLAGS: 00010206\n [337571.280582] RAX: ffff942d98ec2638 RBX: ffff9430b82b4c30 RCX: 0000000449e1c000\n [337571.280798] RDX: dead000000000100 RSI: ffff9430021e4900 RDI: 0000000000036070\n [337571.281015] RBP: ffff942d98ec2000 R08: ffff942d98ec2000 R09: 000000000000015b\n [337571.281254] R10: 0000000000000009 R11: 0000000000000001 R12: ffff942fe8fbf600\n [337571.281476] R13: ffff942dabe23040 R14: ffff942dabe20800 R15: ffff942d92cf3b48\n [337571.281723] FS: 00007f478adb7340(0000) GS:ffff94349fa40000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000\n [337571.281950] CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033\n [337571.282184] CR2: 00007f478ab9a3d5 CR3: 000000001e02c001 CR4: 0000000000370ee0\n [337571.282416] DR0: 0000000000000000 DR1: 0000000000000000 DR2: 0000000000000000\n [337571.282647] DR3: 0000000000000000 DR6: 00000000fffe0ff0 DR7: 0000000000000400\n [337571.282874] Call Trace:\n [337571.283101] \n [337571.283327] ? __die_body+0x1b/0x60\n [337571.283570] ? die_addr+0x39/0x60\n [337571.283796] ? exc_general_protection+0x22e/0x430\n [337571.284022] ? asm_exc_general_protection+0x22/0x30\n [337571.284251] ? commit_cowonly_roots+0x11f/0x250 [btrfs]\n [337571.284531] btrfs_commit_transaction+0x42e/0xf90 [btrfs]\n [337571.284803] ? _raw_spin_unlock+0x15/0x30\n [337571.285031] ? release_extent_buffer+0x103/0x130 [btrfs]\n [337571.285305] reset_balance_state+0x152/0x1b0 [btrfs]\n [337571.285578] btrfs_balance+0xa50/0x11e0 [btrfs]\n [337571.285864] ? __kmem_cache_alloc_node+0x14a/0x410\n [337571.286086] btrfs_ioctl+0x249a/0x3320 [btrfs]\n [337571.286358] ? mod_objcg_state+0xd2/0x360\n [337571.286577] ? refill_obj_stock+0xb0/0x160\n [337571.286798] ? seq_release+0x25/0x30\n [337571.287016] ? __rseq_handle_notify_resume+0x3ba/0x4b0\n [337571.287235] ? percpu_counter_add_batch+0x2e/0xa0\n [337571.287455] ? __x64_sys_ioctl+0x88/0xc0\n [337571.287675] __x64_sys_ioctl+0x88/0xc0\n [337571.287901] do_syscall_64+0x38/0x90\n [337571.288126] entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x72/0xdc\n [337571.288352] RIP: 0033:0x7f478aaffe9b\n\nSo fix this by locking struct btrfs_fs_info::trans_lock before deleting\nthe free space root from that list." } ], "metrics": [ { "cvssV3_1": { "version": "3.1", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "baseScore": 7.8, "baseSeverity": "HIGH" }, "scenarios": [ { "lang": "en", "value": "AV:L - The vulnerable code is reached only through mount(2)/remount of a local btrfs filesystem (`open_ctree()` or `btrfs_remount()` → `btrfs_start_pre_rw_mount()`), i.e. a local block device or image file. No network or remote peer data is involved.\nAC:L - On every affected kernel a plain default mount of an image whose superblock has FREE_SPACE_TREE set with FREE_SPACE_TREE_VALID clear unconditionally enters the unlocked `list_del`, and the attacker shapes the image so the cleaner/transaction kthreads are concurrently COWing cow-only roots during that window; the mount can be repeated until the race is won.\nPR:N - The attacker needs no privileges or account on the target — they only supply the crafted btrfs image (removable media, disk image, or file mounted by an automounter); the privileged mount is performed by the victim, not by the attacker.\nUI:R - A user or automounter must mount (or remount ro→rw) the attacker-supplied btrfs filesystem for the vulnerable `btrfs_clear_free_space_tree()`/`btrfs_delete_free_space_tree()` path to execute.\nS:U - The corrupted `fs_info->dirty_cowonly_roots` list and the freed `struct btrfs_root` live entirely in the kernel's own security authority; no VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary is crossed.\nC:H - The corruption leaves a `btrfs_root` that has just been released by `btrfs_put_root()` reachable from the commit list, so subsequent commits read a freed slab object whose contents the attacker can groom, yielding kernel memory disclosure.\nI:H - Unsynchronized `list_del`/`list_move` on a shared list writes attacker-influenced pointers through corrupted `next`/`prev` fields and then writes into the freed root object, giving a memory-corruption/write primitive usable for control-flow hijacking.\nA:H - The documented outcome is a general protection fault on LIST_POISON in `commit_cowonly_roots()` during `btrfs_commit_transaction()`, i.e. a kernel oops/panic taking the filesystem and system down." } ] } ], "affected": [ { "product": "Linux", "vendor": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "unaffected", "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "programFiles": [ "fs/btrfs/free-space-tree.c" ], "versions": [ { "version": "a5ed91828518ab076209266c2bc510adabd078df", "lessThan": "6f1c81886b0b56cb88b311e5d2f203625474d892", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "a5ed91828518ab076209266c2bc510adabd078df", "lessThan": "8ce9139aea5e60a247bde5af804312f54975f443", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "a5ed91828518ab076209266c2bc510adabd078df", "lessThan": "babebf023e661b90b1c78b2baa384fb03a226879", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" } ] }, { "product": "Linux", "vendor": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "affected", "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "programFiles": [ "fs/btrfs/free-space-tree.c" ], "versions": [ { "version": "4.5", "status": "affected" }, { "version": "0", "lessThan": "4.5", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "6.1.39", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "6.4.4", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.4.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "6.5", "lessThanOrEqual": "*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix" } ] } ], "cpeApplicability": [ { "nodes": [ { "operator": "OR", "negate": false, "cpeMatch": [ { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "4.5", "versionEndExcluding": "6.1.39" }, { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "4.5", "versionEndExcluding": "6.4.4" }, { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "4.5", "versionEndExcluding": "6.5" } ] } ] } ], "references": [ { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6f1c81886b0b56cb88b311e5d2f203625474d892" }, { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8ce9139aea5e60a247bde5af804312f54975f443" }, { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/babebf023e661b90b1c78b2baa384fb03a226879" } ], "title": "btrfs: fix race when deleting free space root from the dirty cow roots list", "x_generator": { "engine": "bippy-1.2.0" } } } }