{ "dataType": "CVE_RECORD", "dataVersion": "5.2", "cveMetadata": { "cveId": "CVE-2023-54035", "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "state": "PUBLISHED", "assignerShortName": "Linux", "dateReserved": "2025-12-24T10:53:46.180Z", "datePublished": "2025-12-24T10:56:02.358Z", "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T09:16:39.727Z" }, "containers": { "cna": { "providerMetadata": { "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "shortName": "Linux", "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T09:16:39.727Z" }, "descriptions": [ { "lang": "en", "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnetfilter: nf_tables: fix underflow in chain reference counter\n\nSet element addition error path decrements reference counter on chains\ntwice: once on element release and again via nft_data_release().\n\nThen, d6b478666ffa (\"netfilter: nf_tables: fix underflow in object\nreference counter\") incorrectly fixed this by removing the stateful\nobject reference count decrement.\n\nRestore the stateful object decrement as in b91d90368837 (\"netfilter:\nnf_tables: fix leaking object reference count\") and let\nnft_data_release() decrement the chain reference counter, so this is\ndone only once." } ], "metrics": [ { "cvssV3_1": { "version": "3.1", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "baseScore": 7.8, "baseSeverity": "HIGH" }, "scenarios": [ { "lang": "en", "value": "AV:L - The vulnerability is reached via the nfnetlink/netlink socket interface (NFT_MSG_NEWSETELEM), a local kernel API with no remote/network reachability.\nAC:L - The attacker deterministically reaches the buggy error path (e.g., inserting a duplicate map element to force -EEXIST) and controls how many times to repeat it; no uncontrolled conditions are involved.\nPR:L - nf_tables requires CAP_NET_ADMIN, but an unprivileged user obtains this in a new network namespace via unshare -Urn, so only low privileges are needed.\nUI:N - The counter underflow and subsequent chain deletion are triggered entirely by the attacker's own netlink operations, with no victim interaction required.\nS:U - The impact stays within the kernel's security authority (local privilege escalation), not crossing into a separate security scope such as a hypervisor boundary.\nC:H - The chain refcount underflow leads to a use-after-free of the chain object, letting the attacker reclaim the freed slot and read sensitive kernel memory.\nI:H - The use-after-free provides heap write primitives via reclaiming the freed chain object, enabling arbitrary memory corruption and privilege escalation.\nA:H - Freeing a still-referenced chain leaves dangling pointers that cause use-after-free access and kernel panic/oops." } ] } ], "affected": [ { "product": "Linux", "vendor": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "unaffected", "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "programFiles": [ "net/netfilter/nf_tables_api.c" ], "versions": [ { "version": "35651fde1a7bb54dde0a46d35cd0d7136869ae86", "lessThan": "b068314fd8ce751a7f906e55bb90f3551815f1a0", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "628bd3e49cba1c066228e23d71a852c23e26da73", "lessThan": "9c959671abc7d4ffdf34eed10c64492d43cb6a3c", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "628bd3e49cba1c066228e23d71a852c23e26da73", "lessThan": "b389139f12f287b8ed2e2628b72df89a081f0b59", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "bc9f791d2593f17e39f87c6e2b3a36549a3705b1", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "3c7ec098e3b588434a8b07ea9b5b36f04cef1f50", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "a136b7942ad2a50de708f76ea299ccb45ac7a7f9", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "25aa2ad37c2162be1c0bc4fe6397f7e4c13f00f8", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "d60be2da67d172aecf866302c91ea11533eca4d9", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "dc7cdf8cbcbf8b13de1df93f356ec04cdeef5c41", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "4.19.316", "lessThan": "4.20", "status": "affected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "5.4.262", "lessThan": "5.5", "status": "affected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "5.10.188", "lessThan": "5.11", "status": "affected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "5.15.121", "lessThan": "5.16", "status": "affected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "6.3.10", "lessThan": "6.4", "status": "affected", "versionType": "semver" } ] }, { "product": "Linux", "vendor": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "affected", "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "programFiles": [ "net/netfilter/nf_tables_api.c" ], "versions": [ { "version": "6.4", "status": "affected" }, { "version": "0", "lessThan": "6.4", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "6.4.4", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.4.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "6.5", "lessThanOrEqual": "*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix" } ] } ], "cpeApplicability": [ { "nodes": [ { "operator": "OR", "negate": false, "cpeMatch": [ { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "6.4", "versionEndExcluding": "6.4.4" }, { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "6.4", "versionEndExcluding": "6.5" }, { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "4.19.316" }, { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "5.4.262" }, { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "5.10.188" }, { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "5.15.121" }, { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "6.3.10" } ] } ] } ], "references": [ { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b068314fd8ce751a7f906e55bb90f3551815f1a0" }, { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/9c959671abc7d4ffdf34eed10c64492d43cb6a3c" }, { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b389139f12f287b8ed2e2628b72df89a081f0b59" } ], "title": "netfilter: nf_tables: fix underflow in chain reference counter", "x_generator": { "engine": "bippy-1.2.0" } } } }