{
    "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
    "dataVersion": "5.2",
    "cveMetadata": {
        "cveId": "CVE-2023-53860",
        "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "state": "PUBLISHED",
        "assignerShortName": "Linux",
        "dateReserved": "2025-12-09T01:27:17.828Z",
        "datePublished": "2025-12-09T01:30:27.903Z",
        "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T09:16:25.476Z"
    },
    "containers": {
        "cna": {
            "providerMetadata": {
                "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
                "shortName": "Linux",
                "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T09:16:25.476Z"
            },
            "descriptions": [
                {
                    "lang": "en",
                    "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\ndm: don't attempt to queue IO under RCU protection\n\ndm looks up the table for IO based on the request type, with an\nassumption that if the request is marked REQ_NOWAIT, it's fine to\nattempt to submit that IO while under RCU read lock protection. This\nis not OK, as REQ_NOWAIT just means that we should not be sleeping\nwaiting on other IO, it does not mean that we can't potentially\nschedule.\n\nA simple test case demonstrates this quite nicely:\n\nint main(int argc, char *argv[])\n{\n        struct iovec iov;\n        int fd;\n\n        fd = open(\"/dev/dm-0\", O_RDONLY | O_DIRECT);\n        posix_memalign(&iov.iov_base, 4096, 4096);\n        iov.iov_len = 4096;\n        preadv2(fd, &iov, 1, 0, RWF_NOWAIT);\n        return 0;\n}\n\nwhich will instantly spew:\n\nBUG: sleeping function called from invalid context at include/linux/sched/mm.h:306\nin_atomic(): 0, irqs_disabled(): 0, non_block: 0, pid: 5580, name: dm-nowait\npreempt_count: 0, expected: 0\nRCU nest depth: 1, expected: 0\nINFO: lockdep is turned off.\nCPU: 7 PID: 5580 Comm: dm-nowait Not tainted 6.6.0-rc1-g39956d2dcd81 #132\nHardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS 1.16.2-debian-1.16.2-1 04/01/2014\nCall Trace:\n <TASK>\n dump_stack_lvl+0x11d/0x1b0\n __might_resched+0x3c3/0x5e0\n ? preempt_count_sub+0x150/0x150\n mempool_alloc+0x1e2/0x390\n ? mempool_resize+0x7d0/0x7d0\n ? lock_sync+0x190/0x190\n ? lock_release+0x4b7/0x670\n ? internal_get_user_pages_fast+0x868/0x2d40\n bio_alloc_bioset+0x417/0x8c0\n ? bvec_alloc+0x200/0x200\n ? internal_get_user_pages_fast+0xb8c/0x2d40\n bio_alloc_clone+0x53/0x100\n dm_submit_bio+0x27f/0x1a20\n ? lock_release+0x4b7/0x670\n ? blk_try_enter_queue+0x1a0/0x4d0\n ? dm_dax_direct_access+0x260/0x260\n ? rcu_is_watching+0x12/0xb0\n ? blk_try_enter_queue+0x1cc/0x4d0\n __submit_bio+0x239/0x310\n ? __bio_queue_enter+0x700/0x700\n ? kvm_clock_get_cycles+0x40/0x60\n ? ktime_get+0x285/0x470\n submit_bio_noacct_nocheck+0x4d9/0xb80\n ? should_fail_request+0x80/0x80\n ? preempt_count_sub+0x150/0x150\n ? lock_release+0x4b7/0x670\n ? __bio_add_page+0x143/0x2d0\n ? iov_iter_revert+0x27/0x360\n submit_bio_noacct+0x53e/0x1b30\n submit_bio_wait+0x10a/0x230\n ? submit_bio_wait_endio+0x40/0x40\n __blkdev_direct_IO_simple+0x4f8/0x780\n ? blkdev_bio_end_io+0x4c0/0x4c0\n ? stack_trace_save+0x90/0xc0\n ? __bio_clone+0x3c0/0x3c0\n ? lock_release+0x4b7/0x670\n ? lock_sync+0x190/0x190\n ? atime_needs_update+0x3bf/0x7e0\n ? timestamp_truncate+0x21b/0x2d0\n ? inode_owner_or_capable+0x240/0x240\n blkdev_direct_IO.part.0+0x84a/0x1810\n ? rcu_is_watching+0x12/0xb0\n ? lock_release+0x4b7/0x670\n ? blkdev_read_iter+0x40d/0x530\n ? reacquire_held_locks+0x4e0/0x4e0\n ? __blkdev_direct_IO_simple+0x780/0x780\n ? rcu_is_watching+0x12/0xb0\n ? __mark_inode_dirty+0x297/0xd50\n ? preempt_count_add+0x72/0x140\n blkdev_read_iter+0x2a4/0x530\n do_iter_readv_writev+0x2f2/0x3c0\n ? generic_copy_file_range+0x1d0/0x1d0\n ? fsnotify_perm.part.0+0x25d/0x630\n ? security_file_permission+0xd8/0x100\n do_iter_read+0x31b/0x880\n ? import_iovec+0x10b/0x140\n vfs_readv+0x12d/0x1a0\n ? vfs_iter_read+0xb0/0xb0\n ? rcu_is_watching+0x12/0xb0\n ? rcu_is_watching+0x12/0xb0\n ? lock_release+0x4b7/0x670\n do_preadv+0x1b3/0x260\n ? do_readv+0x370/0x370\n __x64_sys_preadv2+0xef/0x150\n do_syscall_64+0x39/0xb0\n entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x63/0xcd\nRIP: 0033:0x7f5af41ad806\nCode: 41 54 41 89 fc 55 44 89 c5 53 48 89 cb 48 83 ec 18 80 3d e4 dd 0d 00 00 74 7a 45 89 c1 49 89 ca 45 31 c0 b8 47 01 00 00 0f 05 <48> 3d 00 f0 ff ff 0f 87 be 00 00 00 48 85 c0 79 4a 48 8b 0d da 55\nRSP: 002b:00007ffd3145c7f0 EFLAGS: 00000246 ORIG_RAX: 0000000000000147\nRAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 0000000000000000 RCX: 00007f5af41ad806\nRDX: 0000000000000001 RSI: 00007ffd3145c850 RDI: 0000000000000003\nRBP: 0000000000000008 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000000000000008\nR10: 0000000000000000 R11: 0000000000000246 R12: 0000000000000003\nR13: 00007ffd3145c850 R14: 000055f5f0431dd8 R15: 0000000000000001\n </TASK>\n\nwhere in fact it is\n---truncated---"
                }
            ],
            "metrics": [
                {
                    "cvssV3_1": {
                        "version": "3.1",
                        "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
                        "baseScore": 7.8,
                        "baseSeverity": "HIGH"
                    },
                    "scenarios": [
                        {
                            "lang": "en",
                            "value": "AV:L - Triggering requires issuing a REQ_NOWAIT bio to a device-mapper device via a local syscall (preadv2 with RWF_NOWAIT on /dev/dm-N, or io_uring IOPOLL O_DIRECT reads on a file over an LVM volume). No network storage target (nvmet-bdev, LIO iblock) tags bios REQ_NOWAIT in the affected range, so there is no remote path.\nAC:L - The upstream reproducer is a deterministic ~10-line program that \"instantly\" trips the invalid-context BUG, and the attacker independently controls both the REQ_NOWAIT IO storm and the memory pressure needed to make mempool_alloc(GFP_NOIO) actually block. No condition outside the attacker's influence is required to enter the illegal sleep.\nPR:L - An ordinary unprivileged user reaches dm_submit_bio with REQ_NOWAIT through io_uring IOPOLL: bio_set_polled() propagates IOCB_NOWAIT to REQ_NOWAIT for ext4/xfs/btrfs/f2fs direct IO, and dm-linear (every plain LVM logical volume) advertises DM_TARGET_NOWAIT, so no capability or disk-group membership is needed.\nUI:N - The attacker's own process performs the entire sequence with a single open() plus preadv2()/io_uring submission; no victim action, mount, or administrator interaction is required to trigger the illegal sleep.\nS:U - The corrupted state (the RCU read-side critical section and the freed dm_table) belongs to the same kernel security authority that is attacked; no VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary is crossed.\nC:H - On non-preemptible-RCU builds the blocking allocation reports a quiescent state, letting dm_sync_table()'s grace period elapse and dm_table_destroy() free the live table while the task still holds it, so dm_table_find_target() and __map_bio() read target descriptors and per-target private data out of freed heap memory that an attacker can reoccupy and read back.\nI:H - The same use-after-free makes __map_bio() call ti->type->map() through a function pointer loaded from a freed and potentially attacker-reclaimed dm_table, giving a control-flow hijack primitive on top of the corrupted IO mapping.\nA:H - Even in the benign case the bug yields \"BUG: sleeping function called from invalid context\" or WARN_ONCE(\"Voluntary context switch within RCU read-side critical section!\"), which panics under panic_on_warn, and a blocked RCU reader stalls system-wide grace periods while the dm_table UAF crashes the kernel outright."
                        }
                    ]
                }
            ],
            "affected": [
                {
                    "product": "Linux",
                    "vendor": "Linux",
                    "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
                    "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
                    "programFiles": [
                        "drivers/md/dm.c"
                    ],
                    "versions": [
                        {
                            "version": "563a225c9fd207326c2a2af9d59b4097cb31ce70",
                            "lessThan": "d7b2abd87d1fcdb47811f90090a363e7ca15cb14",
                            "status": "affected",
                            "versionType": "git"
                        },
                        {
                            "version": "563a225c9fd207326c2a2af9d59b4097cb31ce70",
                            "lessThan": "699775e9338adcd4eaedea000d32c60250c3114d",
                            "status": "affected",
                            "versionType": "git"
                        },
                        {
                            "version": "563a225c9fd207326c2a2af9d59b4097cb31ce70",
                            "lessThan": "a9ce385344f916cd1c36a33905e564f5581beae9",
                            "status": "affected",
                            "versionType": "git"
                        }
                    ]
                },
                {
                    "product": "Linux",
                    "vendor": "Linux",
                    "defaultStatus": "affected",
                    "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
                    "programFiles": [
                        "drivers/md/dm.c"
                    ],
                    "versions": [
                        {
                            "version": "5.19",
                            "status": "affected"
                        },
                        {
                            "version": "0",
                            "lessThan": "5.19",
                            "status": "unaffected",
                            "versionType": "semver"
                        },
                        {
                            "version": "6.1.55",
                            "lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*",
                            "status": "unaffected",
                            "versionType": "semver"
                        },
                        {
                            "version": "6.5.5",
                            "lessThanOrEqual": "6.5.*",
                            "status": "unaffected",
                            "versionType": "semver"
                        },
                        {
                            "version": "6.6",
                            "lessThanOrEqual": "*",
                            "status": "unaffected",
                            "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
                        }
                    ]
                }
            ],
            "cpeApplicability": [
                {
                    "nodes": [
                        {
                            "operator": "OR",
                            "negate": false,
                            "cpeMatch": [
                                {
                                    "vulnerable": true,
                                    "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                                    "versionStartIncluding": "5.19",
                                    "versionEndExcluding": "6.1.55"
                                },
                                {
                                    "vulnerable": true,
                                    "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                                    "versionStartIncluding": "5.19",
                                    "versionEndExcluding": "6.5.5"
                                },
                                {
                                    "vulnerable": true,
                                    "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                                    "versionStartIncluding": "5.19",
                                    "versionEndExcluding": "6.6"
                                }
                            ]
                        }
                    ]
                }
            ],
            "references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d7b2abd87d1fcdb47811f90090a363e7ca15cb14"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/699775e9338adcd4eaedea000d32c60250c3114d"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a9ce385344f916cd1c36a33905e564f5581beae9"
                }
            ],
            "title": "dm: don't attempt to queue IO under RCU protection",
            "x_generator": {
                "engine": "bippy-1.2.0"
            }
        }
    }
}