{ "dataType": "CVE_RECORD", "dataVersion": "5.2", "cveMetadata": { "cveId": "CVE-2023-53445", "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "state": "PUBLISHED", "assignerShortName": "Linux", "dateReserved": "2025-09-17T14:54:09.753Z", "datePublished": "2025-09-18T16:04:21.257Z", "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T09:14:09.277Z" }, "containers": { "cna": { "providerMetadata": { "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "shortName": "Linux", "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T09:14:09.277Z" }, "descriptions": [ { "lang": "en", "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnet: qrtr: Fix a refcount bug in qrtr_recvmsg()\n\nSyzbot reported a bug as following:\n\nrefcount_t: addition on 0; use-after-free.\n...\nRIP: 0010:refcount_warn_saturate+0x17c/0x1f0 lib/refcount.c:25\n...\nCall Trace:\n \n __refcount_add include/linux/refcount.h:199 [inline]\n __refcount_inc include/linux/refcount.h:250 [inline]\n refcount_inc include/linux/refcount.h:267 [inline]\n kref_get include/linux/kref.h:45 [inline]\n qrtr_node_acquire net/qrtr/af_qrtr.c:202 [inline]\n qrtr_node_lookup net/qrtr/af_qrtr.c:398 [inline]\n qrtr_send_resume_tx net/qrtr/af_qrtr.c:1003 [inline]\n qrtr_recvmsg+0x85f/0x990 net/qrtr/af_qrtr.c:1070\n sock_recvmsg_nosec net/socket.c:1017 [inline]\n sock_recvmsg+0xe2/0x160 net/socket.c:1038\n qrtr_ns_worker+0x170/0x1700 net/qrtr/ns.c:688\n process_one_work+0x991/0x15c0 kernel/workqueue.c:2390\n worker_thread+0x669/0x1090 kernel/workqueue.c:2537\n\nIt occurs in the concurrent scenario of qrtr_recvmsg() and\nqrtr_endpoint_unregister() as following:\n\n\tcpu0\t\t\t\t\tcpu1\nqrtr_recvmsg\t\t\t\tqrtr_endpoint_unregister\nqrtr_send_resume_tx\t\t\tqrtr_node_release\nqrtr_node_lookup\t\t\tmutex_lock(&qrtr_node_lock)\nspin_lock_irqsave(&qrtr_nodes_lock, )\trefcount_dec_and_test(&node->ref) [node->ref == 0]\nradix_tree_lookup [node != NULL]\t__qrtr_node_release\nqrtr_node_acquire\t\t\tspin_lock_irqsave(&qrtr_nodes_lock, )\nkref_get(&node->ref) [WARNING]\t\t...\n\t\t\t\t\tmutex_unlock(&qrtr_node_lock)\n\nUse qrtr_node_lock to protect qrtr_node_lookup() implementation, this\nis actually improving the protection of node reference." } ], "metrics": [ { "cvssV3_1": { "version": "3.1", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "baseScore": 7.8, "baseSeverity": "HIGH" }, "scenarios": [ { "lang": "en", "value": "AV:L - Exploitation requires local syscall access — `recvmsg()` on an `AF_QIPCRTR` socket concurrent with `close()`/`write()` on the `/dev/qrtr-tun` character device. No remote peer can reach `qrtr_node_lookup()` without a local endpoint being torn down.\nAC:L - Although this is a race, the attacker controls both sides: one thread loops on `recvmsg()` of a self-injected packet with `confirm_rx` set while another closes the qrtr-tun fd, and the `GFP_KERNEL` allocation inside `qrtr_send_resume_tx()` sleeps, widening the free-to-use window so reclaim is reliable.\nPR:L - No capability check exists on the path (`qrtr_create()` and `qrtr_tun_open()` perform none); access depends only on permissions of `/dev/qrtr-tun`, which on the Qualcomm Android/embedded/automotive platforms that ship QRTR is available to unprivileged radio/qrtr service domains.\nUI:N - The attacker drives both the socket receive and the endpoint teardown from its own threads; no victim action of any kind is needed.\nS:U - The corruption is confined to kernel heap objects within the same security authority; there is no VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary crossed.\nC:H - This is a genuine use-after-free on `struct qrtr_node` — the freed object is reallocated and its contents (including `node->ep`, `node->nid`, and the `qrtr_tx_flow` radix tree) are read back, giving an attacker who sprays the slab a kernel-memory disclosure primitive.\nI:H - After the free the code writes into the freed object (`mutex_lock(&node->ep_lock)`, `mutex_lock(&node->qrtr_tx_lock)`, radix-tree insertion) and performs an indirect call `node->ep->xmit(node->ep, skb)` through a freed function pointer, plus a `kref_put` on freed memory — a control-flow-hijack and arbitrary-write primitive.\nA:H - Even unexploited, the bug produces a `refcount_t` saturation WARN (fatal under `panic_on_warn`) followed by use of freed memory, mutex operations on freed locks, and a double free — reliably oopsing or panicking the kernel, and it can be triggered repeatedly." } ] } ], "affected": [ { "product": "Linux", "vendor": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "unaffected", "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "programFiles": [ "net/qrtr/af_qrtr.c" ], "versions": [ { "version": "0a7e0d0ef05440db03c3199e84d228db943b237f", "lessThan": "98a9cd82c541ef6cbdb829cd6c05cbbb471e373c", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "0a7e0d0ef05440db03c3199e84d228db943b237f", "lessThan": "b9ba5906c42089f8e1d0001b7b50a7940f086cbb", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "0a7e0d0ef05440db03c3199e84d228db943b237f", "lessThan": "aa95efa187b4114075f312b3c4680d050b56fdec", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "0a7e0d0ef05440db03c3199e84d228db943b237f", "lessThan": "48a07f6e00d305597396da4d7494b81cec05b9d3", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "0a7e0d0ef05440db03c3199e84d228db943b237f", "lessThan": "44d807320000db0d0013372ad39b53e12d52f758", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" } ] }, { "product": "Linux", "vendor": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "affected", "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "programFiles": [ "net/qrtr/af_qrtr.c" ], "versions": [ { "version": "5.6", "status": "affected" }, { "version": "0", "lessThan": "5.6", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "5.10.178", "lessThanOrEqual": "5.10.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "5.15.107", "lessThanOrEqual": "5.15.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "6.1.24", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "6.2.11", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.2.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "6.3", "lessThanOrEqual": "*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix" } ] } ], "cpeApplicability": [ { "nodes": [ { "operator": "OR", "negate": false, "cpeMatch": [ { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "5.6", "versionEndExcluding": "5.10.178" }, { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "5.6", "versionEndExcluding": "5.15.107" }, { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "5.6", "versionEndExcluding": "6.1.24" }, { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "5.6", "versionEndExcluding": "6.2.11" }, { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "5.6", "versionEndExcluding": "6.3" } ] } ] } ], "references": [ { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/98a9cd82c541ef6cbdb829cd6c05cbbb471e373c" }, { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b9ba5906c42089f8e1d0001b7b50a7940f086cbb" }, { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/aa95efa187b4114075f312b3c4680d050b56fdec" }, { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/48a07f6e00d305597396da4d7494b81cec05b9d3" }, { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/44d807320000db0d0013372ad39b53e12d52f758" } ], "title": "net: qrtr: Fix a refcount bug in qrtr_recvmsg()", "x_generator": { "engine": "bippy-1.2.0" } }, "adp": [ { "metrics": [ { "cvssV3_1": { "scope": "UNCHANGED", "version": "3.1", "baseScore": 5.5, "attackVector": "LOCAL", "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H", "integrityImpact": "NONE", "userInteraction": "NONE", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "NONE" } }, { "other": { "type": "ssvc", "content": { "id": "CVE-2023-53445", "role": "CISA Coordinator", "options": [ { "Exploitation": "none" }, { "Automatable": "no" }, { "Technical Impact": "partial" } ], "version": "2.0.3", "timestamp": "2026-01-14T19:19:20.517800Z" } } } ], "problemTypes": [ { "descriptions": [ { "lang": "en", "type": "CWE", "description": "CWE-noinfo Not enough information" } ] } ], "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment", "providerMetadata": { "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0", "shortName": "CISA-ADP", "dateUpdated": "2026-01-14T19:23:11.519Z" } } ] } }