{ "dataType": "CVE_RECORD", "dataVersion": "5.2", "cveMetadata": { "cveId": "CVE-2023-53311", "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "state": "PUBLISHED", "assignerShortName": "Linux", "dateReserved": "2025-09-16T16:08:59.562Z", "datePublished": "2025-09-16T16:11:49.099Z", "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T09:13:26.871Z" }, "containers": { "cna": { "providerMetadata": { "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "shortName": "Linux", "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T09:13:26.871Z" }, "descriptions": [ { "lang": "en", "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnilfs2: fix use-after-free of nilfs_root in dirtying inodes via iput\n\nDuring unmount process of nilfs2, nothing holds nilfs_root structure after\nnilfs2 detaches its writer in nilfs_detach_log_writer(). Previously,\nnilfs_evict_inode() could cause use-after-free read for nilfs_root if\ninodes are left in \"garbage_list\" and released by nilfs_dispose_list at\nthe end of nilfs_detach_log_writer(), and this bug was fixed by commit\n9b5a04ac3ad9 (\"nilfs2: fix use-after-free bug of nilfs_root in\nnilfs_evict_inode()\").\n\nHowever, it turned out that there is another possibility of UAF in the\ncall path where mark_inode_dirty_sync() is called from iput():\n\nnilfs_detach_log_writer()\n nilfs_dispose_list()\n iput()\n mark_inode_dirty_sync()\n __mark_inode_dirty()\n nilfs_dirty_inode()\n __nilfs_mark_inode_dirty()\n nilfs_load_inode_block() --> causes UAF of nilfs_root struct\n\nThis can happen after commit 0ae45f63d4ef (\"vfs: add support for a\nlazytime mount option\"), which changed iput() to call\nmark_inode_dirty_sync() on its final reference if i_state has I_DIRTY_TIME\nflag and i_nlink is non-zero.\n\nThis issue appears after commit 28a65b49eb53 (\"nilfs2: do not write dirty\ndata after degenerating to read-only\") when using the syzbot reproducer,\nbut the issue has potentially existed before.\n\nFix this issue by adding a \"purging flag\" to the nilfs structure, setting\nthat flag while disposing the \"garbage_list\" and checking it in\n__nilfs_mark_inode_dirty().\n\nUnlike commit 9b5a04ac3ad9 (\"nilfs2: fix use-after-free bug of nilfs_root\nin nilfs_evict_inode()\"), this patch does not rely on ns_writer to\ndetermine whether to skip operations, so as not to break recovery on\nmount. The nilfs_salvage_orphan_logs routine dirties the buffer of\nsalvaged data before attaching the log writer, so changing\n__nilfs_mark_inode_dirty() to skip the operation when ns_writer is NULL\nwill cause recovery write to fail. The purpose of using the cleanup-only\nflag is to allow for narrowing of such conditions." } ], "metrics": [ { "cvssV3_1": { "version": "3.1", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "baseScore": 7.8, "baseSeverity": "HIGH" }, "scenarios": [ { "lang": "en", "value": "AV:L - The UAF is reached only through local nilfs2 mount/unmount teardown (nilfs_put_super→nilfs_detach_log_writer→nilfs_dispose_list→iput); nothing in this path processes network or peer-supplied packets.\nAC:L - Free-then-use is a fixed sequential ordering inside nilfs_detach_log_writer (nilfs_segctor_destroy frees nilfs_root via nilfs_put_root, then nilfs_dispose_list uses it), not a race; the attacker controls the crafted image and dirty-inode preconditions, and syzbot reproduced it reliably.\nPR:L - An unprivileged local desktop/kiosk user suffices: udisks2/polkit auto-mounts and ejects removable nilfs2 media on the session user's behalf, and stranding inodes on ns_dirty_files uses ordinary unprivileged VFS operations—matching PR:L for the same-family nilfs2 UAF CVE-2023-53804.\nUI:N - On an auto-mounting host the attacker supplies the image, dirties inodes (I_DIRTY_TIME/lazytime path), and triggers eject/unmount themselves; no separate victim action is required.\nS:U - The freed nilfs_root/ifile objects and any resulting heap corruption remain within the kernel's own security authority; no VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary is crossed.\nC:H - After kfree(root), nilfs_load_inode_block reads ii->i_root->ifile from reclaimable kmalloc-256 slab memory and feeds that pointer into nilfs_ifile_get_inode_block/nilfs_update_inode, so a groomed replacement yields an attacker-chosen inode pointer and arbitrary kernel memory disclosure.\nI:H - __nilfs_mark_inode_dirty continues through nilfs_update_inode (writes raw inode contents via the attacker-controlled ifile) and nilfs_mdt_mark_dirty(ii->i_root->ifile), giving write primitives through the reclaimed object suitable for control-flow hijacking.\nA:H - This is a KASAN-confirmed slab use-after-free; dereferencing the freed nilfs_root during unmount readily oopses or panics the kernel even without successful exploitation." } ] } ], "affected": [ { "product": "Linux", "vendor": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "unaffected", "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "programFiles": [ "fs/nilfs2/inode.c", "fs/nilfs2/segment.c", "fs/nilfs2/the_nilfs.h" ], "versions": [ { "version": "0ae45f63d4ef8d8eeec49c7d8b44a1775fff13e8", "lessThan": "11afd67f1b3c28eb216e50a3ca8dbcb69bb71793", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "0ae45f63d4ef8d8eeec49c7d8b44a1775fff13e8", "lessThan": "a3c3b4cbf9b8554120fb230e6516e980c6277487", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "0ae45f63d4ef8d8eeec49c7d8b44a1775fff13e8", "lessThan": "d2c539c216cce74837a9cf5804eb205939b82227", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "0ae45f63d4ef8d8eeec49c7d8b44a1775fff13e8", "lessThan": "37207240872456fbab44a110bde6640445233963", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "0ae45f63d4ef8d8eeec49c7d8b44a1775fff13e8", "lessThan": "3645510cf926e6af2f4d44899370d7e5331c93bd", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "0ae45f63d4ef8d8eeec49c7d8b44a1775fff13e8", "lessThan": "7532ff6edbf5242376b24a95a2fefb59bb653e5a", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "0ae45f63d4ef8d8eeec49c7d8b44a1775fff13e8", "lessThan": "5828d5f5dc877dcfdd7b23102e978e2ecfd86d82", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "0ae45f63d4ef8d8eeec49c7d8b44a1775fff13e8", "lessThan": "f8654743a0e6909dc634cbfad6db6816f10f3399", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" } ] }, { "product": "Linux", "vendor": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "affected", "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "programFiles": [ "fs/nilfs2/inode.c", "fs/nilfs2/segment.c", "fs/nilfs2/the_nilfs.h" ], "versions": [ { "version": "4.0", "status": "affected" }, { "version": "0", "lessThan": "4.0", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "4.14.323", "lessThanOrEqual": "4.14.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "4.19.292", "lessThanOrEqual": "4.19.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "5.4.254", "lessThanOrEqual": "5.4.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "5.10.191", "lessThanOrEqual": "5.10.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "5.15.127", "lessThanOrEqual": "5.15.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "6.1.46", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "6.4.11", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.4.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "6.5", "lessThanOrEqual": "*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix" } ] } ], "cpeApplicability": [ { "nodes": [ { "operator": "OR", "negate": false, "cpeMatch": [ { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "4.0", "versionEndExcluding": "4.14.323" }, { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "4.0", "versionEndExcluding": "4.19.292" }, { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "4.0", "versionEndExcluding": "5.4.254" }, { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "4.0", "versionEndExcluding": "5.10.191" }, { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "4.0", "versionEndExcluding": "5.15.127" }, { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "4.0", "versionEndExcluding": "6.1.46" }, { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "4.0", "versionEndExcluding": "6.4.11" }, { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "4.0", "versionEndExcluding": "6.5" } ] } ] } ], "references": [ { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/11afd67f1b3c28eb216e50a3ca8dbcb69bb71793" }, { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a3c3b4cbf9b8554120fb230e6516e980c6277487" }, { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d2c539c216cce74837a9cf5804eb205939b82227" }, { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/37207240872456fbab44a110bde6640445233963" }, { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3645510cf926e6af2f4d44899370d7e5331c93bd" }, { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7532ff6edbf5242376b24a95a2fefb59bb653e5a" }, { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/5828d5f5dc877dcfdd7b23102e978e2ecfd86d82" }, { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f8654743a0e6909dc634cbfad6db6816f10f3399" } ], "title": "nilfs2: fix use-after-free of nilfs_root in dirtying inodes via iput", "x_generator": { "engine": "bippy-1.2.0" } }, "adp": [ { "metrics": [ { "cvssV3_1": { "scope": "UNCHANGED", "version": "3.1", "baseScore": 7.8, "attackVector": "LOCAL", "baseSeverity": "HIGH", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "userInteraction": "NONE", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH" } }, { "other": { "type": "ssvc", "content": { "id": "CVE-2023-53311", "role": "CISA Coordinator", "options": [ { "Exploitation": "none" }, { "Automatable": "no" }, { "Technical Impact": "total" } ], "version": "2.0.3", "timestamp": "2026-01-14T18:24:44.425794Z" } } } ], "problemTypes": [ { "descriptions": [ { "lang": "en", "type": "CWE", "cweId": "CWE-416", "description": "CWE-416 Use After Free" } ] } ], "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment", "providerMetadata": { "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0", "shortName": "CISA-ADP", "dateUpdated": "2026-01-14T18:32:57.096Z" } } ] } }