{ "dataType": "CVE_RECORD", "dataVersion": "5.2", "cveMetadata": { "cveId": "CVE-2023-52739", "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "state": "PUBLISHED", "assignerShortName": "Linux", "dateReserved": "2024-05-21T15:19:24.233Z", "datePublished": "2024-05-21T15:23:02.545Z", "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T09:11:09.430Z" }, "containers": { "cna": { "providerMetadata": { "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "shortName": "Linux", "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T09:11:09.430Z" }, "descriptions": [ { "lang": "en", "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nFix page corruption caused by racy check in __free_pages\n\nWhen we upgraded our kernel, we started seeing some page corruption like\nthe following consistently:\n\n BUG: Bad page state in process ganesha.nfsd pfn:1304ca\n page:0000000022261c55 refcount:0 mapcount:-128 mapping:0000000000000000 index:0x0 pfn:0x1304ca\n flags: 0x17ffffc0000000()\n raw: 0017ffffc0000000 ffff8a513ffd4c98 ffffeee24b35ec08 0000000000000000\n raw: 0000000000000000 0000000000000001 00000000ffffff7f 0000000000000000\n page dumped because: nonzero mapcount\n CPU: 0 PID: 15567 Comm: ganesha.nfsd Kdump: loaded Tainted: P B O 5.10.158-1.nutanix.20221209.el7.x86_64 #1\n Hardware name: VMware, Inc. VMware Virtual Platform/440BX Desktop Reference Platform, BIOS 6.00 04/05/2016\n Call Trace:\n dump_stack+0x74/0x96\n bad_page.cold+0x63/0x94\n check_new_page_bad+0x6d/0x80\n rmqueue+0x46e/0x970\n get_page_from_freelist+0xcb/0x3f0\n ? _cond_resched+0x19/0x40\n __alloc_pages_nodemask+0x164/0x300\n alloc_pages_current+0x87/0xf0\n skb_page_frag_refill+0x84/0x110\n ...\n\nSometimes, it would also show up as corruption in the free list pointer\nand cause crashes.\n\nAfter bisecting the issue, we found the issue started from commit\ne320d3012d25 (\"mm/page_alloc.c: fix freeing non-compound pages\"):\n\n\tif (put_page_testzero(page))\n\t\tfree_the_page(page, order);\n\telse if (!PageHead(page))\n\t\twhile (order-- > 0)\n\t\t\tfree_the_page(page + (1 << order), order);\n\nSo the problem is the check PageHead is racy because at this point we\nalready dropped our reference to the page. So even if we came in with\ncompound page, the page can already be freed and PageHead can return\nfalse and we will end up freeing all the tail pages causing double free." } ], "metrics": [ { "cvssV3_1": { "version": "3.1", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "baseScore": 7.8, "baseSeverity": "HIGH" }, "scenarios": [ { "lang": "en", "value": "AV:L - The bug is in core MM `__free_pages` (mm/page_alloc.c), reached through local allocation/free paths (SLUB compound frees, dma-buf system heap release, AF_PACKET PACKET_MMAP ring teardown, etc.), not by parsing remote network protocol data.\nAC:L - An unprivileged attacker can drive both sides—compound-page `__free_pages` (e.g. repeated dma-buf/AF_PACKET ring alloc-free) and concurrent extra refs/put_page via file I/O and memory pressure—and the race was observed consistently under load despite a narrow instruction window.\nPR:L - Triggering requires only an ordinary local account (file I/O for speculative refs plus compound-page churn via dma-buf heaps or CAP_NET_RAW in a user namespace for AF_PACKET); no init-namespace root is required.\nUI:N - The attacker performs the alloc/free and I/O activity themselves; no separate victim action such as mounting a filesystem or opening a crafted file is required.\nS:U - Impact is host-kernel buddy-allocator corruption and privilege escalation within the same OS security authority, with no VM escape or IOMMU boundary crossed.\nC:H - The race double-frees compound tail pages into the buddy allocator, yielding page UAF/freelist corruption that can disclose arbitrary kernel or cross-process memory once pages are reused.\nI:H - The same double-free corrupts buddy freelist metadata and enables page reuse while stale references remain, giving a write primitive suitable for control-flow hijacking and privilege escalation.\nA:H - The fix documents bad-page-state BUGs, freelist pointer corruption, and kernel crashes/oopses when the corrupted pages are later allocated." } ] } ], "affected": [ { "product": "Linux", "vendor": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "unaffected", "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "programFiles": [ "mm/page_alloc.c" ], "versions": [ { "version": "e320d3012d25b1fb5f3df4edb7bd44a1c362ec10", "lessThan": "0a626e27f984dfbe96bd8e4fd08f20a2ede3ea23", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "e320d3012d25b1fb5f3df4edb7bd44a1c362ec10", "lessThan": "3af734f3eac6f70ef8e272a80da40544b9d0f2b5", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "e320d3012d25b1fb5f3df4edb7bd44a1c362ec10", "lessThan": "3b4c045a98f53a8890a94bb5846a390c8e39e673", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "e320d3012d25b1fb5f3df4edb7bd44a1c362ec10", "lessThan": "462a8e08e0e6287e5ce13187257edbf24213ed03", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "830b103831a924a23af48562c4d274696e75ab4f", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "5.9.2", "lessThan": "5.10", "status": "affected", "versionType": "semver" } ] }, { "product": "Linux", "vendor": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "affected", "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "programFiles": [ "mm/page_alloc.c" ], "versions": [ { "version": "5.10", "status": "affected" }, { "version": "0", "lessThan": "5.10", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "5.10.168", "lessThanOrEqual": "5.10.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "5.15.94", "lessThanOrEqual": "5.15.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "6.1.12", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "6.2", "lessThanOrEqual": "*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix" } ] } ], "cpeApplicability": [ { "nodes": [ { "operator": "OR", "negate": false, "cpeMatch": [ { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "5.10", "versionEndExcluding": "5.10.168" }, { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "5.10", "versionEndExcluding": "5.15.94" }, { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "5.10", "versionEndExcluding": "6.1.12" }, { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "5.10", "versionEndExcluding": "6.2" }, { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "5.9.2" } ] } ] } ], "references": [ { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/0a626e27f984dfbe96bd8e4fd08f20a2ede3ea23" }, { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3af734f3eac6f70ef8e272a80da40544b9d0f2b5" }, { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3b4c045a98f53a8890a94bb5846a390c8e39e673" }, { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/462a8e08e0e6287e5ce13187257edbf24213ed03" } ], "title": "Fix page corruption caused by racy check in __free_pages", "x_generator": { "engine": "bippy-1.2.0" } }, "adp": [ { "providerMetadata": { "orgId": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108", "shortName": "CVE", "dateUpdated": "2024-08-02T23:11:35.988Z" }, "title": "CVE Program Container", "references": [ { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/0a626e27f984dfbe96bd8e4fd08f20a2ede3ea23", "tags": [ "x_transferred" ] }, { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3af734f3eac6f70ef8e272a80da40544b9d0f2b5", "tags": [ "x_transferred" ] }, { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3b4c045a98f53a8890a94bb5846a390c8e39e673", "tags": [ "x_transferred" ] }, { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/462a8e08e0e6287e5ce13187257edbf24213ed03", "tags": [ "x_transferred" ] } ] }, { "metrics": [ { "other": { "type": "ssvc", "content": { "id": "CVE-2023-52739", "role": "CISA Coordinator", "options": [ { "Exploitation": 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