synced 13 MIN AGO
01 Record

CVE-2023-30581

The use of __proto__ in process.mainModule.__proto__.require() can bypass the policy mechanism and require modules outside of the policy.json definition. This vulnerability affects all users using the

HighPUBLISHEDCNA: hackerone
CNA base score7.5 CVSS v3.xCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N
View raw JSON

02 Description

The use of __proto__ in process.mainModule.__proto__.require() can bypass the policy mechanism and require modules outside of the policy.json definition. This vulnerability affects all users using the

03 Exploitation and scoring

Exploitation
Assessed, none found. CISA's assessment recorded neither public exploit code nor evidence of exploitation when it was made.
SSVC decision
  • ExploitationnoneCISA recorded no public exploit code and no evidence of exploitation.
  • AutomatableyesAn attacker can reliably automate reconnaissance through exploitation, so this scales.
  • Technical ImpactpartialSuccessful exploitation gives limited control of the vulnerable component.
CISA publishes the decision points, not a final SSVC decision. The decision also depends on mission and well-being impact, which is a property of your deployment rather than of the vulnerability.
EPSS probability
1.05% probability of exploitation activity in the next 30 days.
EPSS percentile
Equal to or higher than the score of 64.0% of scored records. A rank, not a probability.
NVD base score
7.5 (CVSS v3.x), scored by the NVD independently of the CNA.
NVD CVSS vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N
NVD analysis status
Modified. NVD last modified this record on 2026-06-17.
Red Hat severity
Important. Red Hat's rating for its own products, not a CVSS rating.

Exploit-prediction scores from FIRST. Independent scoring and analysis status from the NVD. Vendor severity from Red Hat. Exploitation assessment and catalog membership from CISA.

04 Metadata

Published
2023-11-22 23:28Z2 YR AGO
Last updated
2025-11-03 21:48Z11 MO AGO
Reserved
2023-04-13
Assigning CNA
hackerone
Record state
PUBLISHED
Severity
High (CVSS 7.5)
CNA CVSS vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N
Weaknesses
Data version
5.2
Document digest
e86b5443c354843c5c76683857d03048b72c87df74643e7017e0454cb6baa9ed

05 Affected products

VendorProductVersionsPlatforms
NodeJSNode4.0 to < 4.*, 5.0 to < 5.*, 6.0 to < 6.*, 7.0 to < 7.*, 8.0 to < 8.*, 9.0 to < 9.*, 10.0 to < 10.*, 11.0 to < 11.*, 12.0 to < 12.*, 13.0 to < 13.*, 14.0 to < 14.*, 15.0 to < 15.*, 16.0 to < 16.20.1, 17.0 to < 17.*, 18.0 to < 18.16.1, 19.0 to < 19.*, 20.0 to < 20.3.1—

06 References

07 Fixed in

AlmaLinux 8

  • nodejs
    Fixed

    A version is affected if any line below covers it.

    • Affected before 1:16.20.1-1.module_el8.8.0+3594+e74fe53f
    • Affected before 1:18.16.1-1.module_el8.8.0+3595+0818e803
  • nodejs-devel
    Fixed

    A version is affected if any line below covers it.

    • Affected before 1:16.20.1-1.module_el8.8.0+3594+e74fe53f
    • Affected before 1:18.16.1-1.module_el8.8.0+3595+0818e803
  • nodejs-docs
    Fixed

    A version is affected if any line below covers it.

    • Affected before 1:16.20.1-1.module_el8.8.0+3594+e74fe53f
    • Affected before 1:18.16.1-1.module_el8.8.0+3595+0818e803
  • nodejs-full-i18n
    Fixed

    A version is affected if any line below covers it.

    • Affected before 1:16.20.1-1.module_el8.8.0+3594+e74fe53f
    • Affected before 1:18.16.1-1.module_el8.8.0+3595+0818e803
  • nodejs-nodemon
    Fixed

    A version is affected if any line below covers it.

    • Affected before 2.0.20-2.module_el8.8.0+3587+ee652244
    • Affected before 2.0.20-3.module_el8.8.0+3586+d4fc0b72
  • nodejs-packaging
    Fixed

    A version is affected if any line below covers it.

    • Affected before 2021.06-4.module_el8.7.0+3343+ea2b7901
    • Affected before 25-1.module_el8.5.0+2605+45d748af
  • nodejs-packaging-bundler
    Fixed in 2021.06-4.module_el8.7.0+3343+ea2b7901
  • npm
    Fixed

    A version is affected if any line below covers it.

    • Affected before 1:8.19.4-1.16.20.1.1.module_el8.8.0+3594+e74fe53f
    • Affected before 1:9.5.1-1.18.16.1.1.module_el8.8.0+3595+0818e803

Source: AlmaLinux, AlmaLinux OS. Copyright (c) 2023 AlmaLinux OS. Licensed under MIT License. Received through OSV.dev. Reformatted by exploit.cc.

AlmaLinux 9

  • nodejs
    Fixed

    A version is affected if any line below covers it.

    • Affected before 1:16.20.1-1.el9_2
    • Affected before 1:18.16.1-1.module_el9.2.0+31+cbae0c8e
  • nodejs-devel
    Fixed in 1:18.16.1-1.module_el9.2.0+31+cbae0c8e
  • nodejs-docs
    Fixed

    A version is affected if any line below covers it.

    • Affected before 1:16.20.1-1.el9_2
    • Affected before 1:18.16.1-1.module_el9.2.0+31+cbae0c8e
  • nodejs-full-i18n
    Fixed

    A version is affected if any line below covers it.

    • Affected before 1:16.20.1-1.el9_2
    • Affected before 1:18.16.1-1.module_el9.2.0+31+cbae0c8e
  • nodejs-libs
    Fixed in 1:16.20.1-1.el9_2
  • nodejs-nodemon
    Fixed in 2.0.20-2.module_el9.2.0+29+de583a0b
  • nodejs-packaging
    Fixed in 2021.06-4.module_el9.1.0+13+d9a595ea
  • nodejs-packaging-bundler
    Fixed in 2021.06-4.module_el9.1.0+13+d9a595ea
  • npm
    Fixed

    A version is affected if any line below covers it.

    • Affected before 1:8.19.4-1.16.20.1.1.el9_2
    • Affected before 1:9.5.1-1.18.16.1.1.module_el9.2.0+31+cbae0c8e

Source: AlmaLinux, AlmaLinux OS. Copyright (c) 2023 AlmaLinux OS. Licensed under MIT License. Received through OSV.dev. Reformatted by exploit.cc.

CloudLinux 8

  • nodejs
    Fixed

    A version is affected if any line below covers it.

    • Affected before 1:16.20.1-1.module_el8.8.0+3594+e74fe53f
    • Affected before 1:18.16.1-1.module_el8.8.0+3595+0818e803
  • nodejs-devel
    Fixed

    A version is affected if any line below covers it.

    • Affected before 1:16.20.1-1.module_el8.8.0+3594+e74fe53f
    • Affected before 1:18.16.1-1.module_el8.8.0+3595+0818e803
  • nodejs-docs
    Fixed

    A version is affected if any line below covers it.

    • Affected before 1:16.20.1-1.module_el8.8.0+3594+e74fe53f
    • Affected before 1:18.16.1-1.module_el8.8.0+3595+0818e803
  • nodejs-full-i18n
    Fixed

    A version is affected if any line below covers it.

    • Affected before 1:16.20.1-1.module_el8.8.0+3594+e74fe53f
    • Affected before 1:18.16.1-1.module_el8.8.0+3595+0818e803
  • nodejs-nodemon
    Fixed

    A version is affected if any line below covers it.

    • Affected before 2.0.20-2.module_el8.8.0+3587+ee652244
    • Affected before 2.0.20-3.module_el8.8.0+3586+d4fc0b72
  • nodejs-packaging
    Fixed

    A version is affected if any line below covers it.

    • Affected before 2021.06-4.module_el8.7.0+3343+ea2b7901
    • Affected before 25-1.module_el8.5.0+2605+45d748af
  • nodejs-packaging-bundler
    Fixed in 2021.06-4.module_el8.7.0+3343+ea2b7901
  • npm
    Fixed

    A version is affected if any line below covers it.

    • Affected before 1:8.19.4-1.16.20.1.1.module_el8.8.0+3594+e74fe53f
    • Affected before 1:9.5.1-1.18.16.1.1.module_el8.8.0+3595+0818e803

Derived from AlmaLinux 8. Partial coverage: only packages taken from AlmaLinux 8 are listed.

Source: CloudLinux errata, CloudLinux Inc. Derived from: AlmaLinux, AlmaLinux OS. Copyright (c) 2023 AlmaLinux OS. Licensed under MIT License. Received through OSV.dev. Reformatted by exploit.cc.

CloudLinux 9

  • nodejs
    Fixed

    A version is affected if any line below covers it.

    • Affected before 1:16.20.1-1.el9_2
    • Affected before 1:18.16.1-1.module_el9.2.0+31+cbae0c8e
  • nodejs-devel
    Fixed in 1:18.16.1-1.module_el9.2.0+31+cbae0c8e
  • nodejs-docs
    Fixed

    A version is affected if any line below covers it.

    • Affected before 1:16.20.1-1.el9_2
    • Affected before 1:18.16.1-1.module_el9.2.0+31+cbae0c8e
  • nodejs-full-i18n
    Fixed

    A version is affected if any line below covers it.

    • Affected before 1:16.20.1-1.el9_2
    • Affected before 1:18.16.1-1.module_el9.2.0+31+cbae0c8e
  • nodejs-libs
    Fixed in 1:16.20.1-1.el9_2
  • nodejs-nodemon
    Fixed in 2.0.20-2.module_el9.2.0+29+de583a0b
  • nodejs-packaging
    Fixed in 2021.06-4.module_el9.1.0+13+d9a595ea
  • nodejs-packaging-bundler
    Fixed in 2021.06-4.module_el9.1.0+13+d9a595ea
  • npm
    Fixed

    A version is affected if any line below covers it.

    • Affected before 1:8.19.4-1.16.20.1.1.el9_2
    • Affected before 1:9.5.1-1.18.16.1.1.module_el9.2.0+31+cbae0c8e

Derived from AlmaLinux 9. Partial coverage: only packages taken from AlmaLinux 9 are listed.

Source: CloudLinux errata, CloudLinux Inc. Derived from: AlmaLinux, AlmaLinux OS. Copyright (c) 2023 AlmaLinux OS. Licensed under MIT License. Received through OSV.dev. Reformatted by exploit.cc.

Debian 12

  • nodejs
    Fixed in 18.19.0+dfsg-6~deb12u1

Source: Debian Security Tracker, the Debian security team. Received through OSV.dev. Reformatted by exploit.cc.

Debian 13

  • nodejs
    Fixed in 18.13.0+dfsg1-1.1

Source: Debian Security Tracker, the Debian security team. Received through OSV.dev. Reformatted by exploit.cc.

Debian 14

  • nodejs
    Fixed in 18.13.0+dfsg1-1.1

Source: Debian Security Tracker, the Debian security team. Received through OSV.dev. Reformatted by exploit.cc.

A release or ecosystem missing from this list has no record here. It may be unaffected or not covered by the source. Source notices and licences.