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    "cveMetadata": {
        "cveId": "CVE-2023-28904",
        "assignerOrgId": "c15abc07-96a9-4d11-a503-5d621bfe42ba",
        "state": "PUBLISHED",
        "assignerShortName": "ASRG",
        "dateReserved": "2023-03-27T14:51:16.417Z",
        "datePublished": "2025-06-28T15:37:35.093Z",
        "dateUpdated": "2025-06-30T19:20:40.496Z"
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    "containers": {
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                    "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
                    "product": "Volkswagen MIB3 infotainment system MIB3 OI MQB",
                    "vendor": "Preh Car Connect GmbH (JOYNEXT GmbH)",
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                            "lessThanOrEqual": "0304",
                            "status": "affected",
                            "version": "0",
                            "versionType": "custom"
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            "credits": [
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                    "lang": "en",
                    "type": "finder",
                    "value": "Danila Parnishchev from PCA Cyber Security (PCAutomotive)"
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                {
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                    "type": "finder",
                    "value": "Polina Smirnova from PCA Cyber Security (PCAutomotive)"
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                            "value": "A logic flaw leading to a RAM buffer overflow in the bootloader component of the MIB3 infotainment unit allows an attacker with physical access to the MIB3 ECU to bypass firmware signature verification and run arbitrary code in the infotainment system at boot process."
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                            "value": "CAPEC-100 Overflow Buffers"
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                        "attackVector": "PHYSICAL",
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                        "baseScore": 5.2,
                        "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
                        "confidentialityImpact": "LOW",
                        "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
                        "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
                        "scope": "UNCHANGED",
                        "userInteraction": "NONE",
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                            "cweId": "CWE-120",
                            "description": "CWE-120 Buffer Copy without Checking Size of Input ('Classic Buffer Overflow')",
                            "lang": "en",
                            "type": "CWE"
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                "shortName": "ASRG",
                "dateUpdated": "2025-06-28T15:37:35.093Z"
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                    "url": "https://i.blackhat.com/EU-24/Presentations/EU-24-Parnishchev-OverTheAirVW.pdf"
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                {
                    "tags": [
                        "technical-description"
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                    "url": "https://pcacybersecurity.com/resources/advisory/vulnerabilities-in-vw-mib3-infotainment-2"
                },
                {
                    "tags": [
                        "third-party-advisory"
                    ],
                    "url": "https://asrg.io/security-advisories/vulnerabilities-in-volkswagen-mib3-infotainment-part-2/"
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            ],
            "source": {
                "discovery": "EXTERNAL"
            },
            "title": "Bypass of secure boot process",
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                            "content": {
                                "timestamp": "2025-06-30T19:14:28.453617Z",
                                "id": "CVE-2023-28904",
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