CVE-2023-0028

Exploitation

Public exploit code exists. CISA's assessment records a public proof of concept. That is not a report of exploitation in the wild.

SSVC decision

• ExploitationpocPublic proof-of-concept exploit code exists. Not a report of exploitation in the wild.
• AutomatableyesAn attacker can reliably automate reconnaissance through exploitation, so this scales.
• Technical ImpacttotalSuccessful exploitation gives total control of the vulnerable component.

CISA publishes the decision points, not a final SSVC decision. The decision also depends on mission and well-being impact, which is a property of your deployment rather than of the vulnerability.

EPSS probability

56.01% probability of exploitation activity in the next 30 days.

EPSS percentile

Equal to or higher than the score of 98.9% of scored records. A rank, not a probability.

NVD base score

5.4 (CVSS v3.x), scored by the NVD independently of the CNA.

NVD CVSS vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N

NVD analysis status

Modified. NVD last modified this record on 2026-06-17.

Red Hat severity

No Red Hat rating. Red Hat rates the CVEs that affect its products.

Exploit-prediction scores from FIRST. Independent scoring and analysis status from the NVD. Vendor severity from Red Hat. Exploitation assessment and catalog membership from CISA.

Published

2023-01-01 00:00Z3 YR AGO

Last updated

2025-04-09 15:30Z1 YR AGO

Reserved

2023-01-01

Assigning CNA

@huntrdev

Record state

PUBLISHED

Severity

Medium (CVSS 5.7)

CNA CVSS vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:H

Weaknesses

• CWE-79Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')Base

Data version

5.1

Document digest

e014ce071ade74eb310e3ec44ce09489ed131541f2d6f87e047c9f72542e4696

• huntr.devhttps://huntr.dev/bounties/bfd935f4-2d1d-4d3f-8b59-522abe7dd065
• github.comhttps://github.com/linagora/Twake/pull/2678/commits/c0708c397e199c68cea0db9f59d29d7dbdcdde7b