CVE-2019-20454
An out-of-bounds read was discovered in PCRE before 10.34 when the pattern \X is JIT compiled and used to match specially crafted subjects in non-UTF mode. Applications that use PCRE to parse
02 Description
An out-of-bounds read was discovered in PCRE before 10.34 when the pattern \X is JIT compiled and used to match specially crafted subjects in non-UTF mode. Applications that use PCRE to parse
03 Exploitation and scoring
- Exploitation
- Not assessed. CISA has not published an exploitation assessment for this record, and it is not in the KEV catalog. That is an absence of assessment, not a finding of no risk.
- SSVC decision
- Not assessed by CISA
- EPSS probability
- 1.56% probability of exploitation activity in the next 30 days.
- EPSS percentile
- Equal to or higher than the score of 74.7% of scored records. A rank, not a probability.
- NVD base score
- 7.5 (CVSS v3.x), scored by the NVD independently of the CNA.
- NVD CVSS vector
- CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
- NVD analysis status
- Modified. NVD last modified this record on 2026-06-17.
- Red Hat severity
- Moderate. Red Hat's rating for its own products, not a CVSS rating.
Exploit-prediction scores from FIRST. Independent scoring and analysis status from the NVD. Vendor severity from Red Hat. Exploitation assessment and catalog membership from CISA.
04 Metadata
- Published
- 2020-02-14 00:00Z6 YR AGO
- Last updated
- 2024-08-05 02:39Z2 YR AGO
- Reserved
- 2020-02-14
- Assigning CNA
- mitre
- Record state
- PUBLISHED
- Severity
- Medium (CVSS 5.1)
- CNA CVSS vector
- CVSS:3.0/AC:H/AV:L/A:H/C:N/I:N/PR:N/S:U/UI:N
- Weaknesses
- CWE-125Out-of-bounds ReadBase
- Data version
- 5.1
- Document digest
- cc3843fe8bed2c62c30268ff4719906d3feaad5e982b61998d6cd0e90a6ac6e7
05 Affected products
06 References
- bugs.exim.orghttps://bugs.exim.org/show_bug.cgi?id=2421
- bugs.php.nethttps://bugs.php.net/bug.php?id=78338
- vcs.pcre.orghttps://vcs.pcre.org/pcre2?view=revision&revision=1092
- bugzilla.redhat.comhttps://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1735494
- security.gentoo.orgGLSA-202006-16https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202006-16
- lists.fedoraproject.orgFEDORA-2020-b11cf352bdhttps://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/OQRAHYHLRNMBTPR3KXVM27NSZP3KTOPI/
- lists.debian.org[debian-lts-announce] 20230316 [SECURITY] [DLA 3363-1] pcre2 security updatehttps://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2023/03/msg00014.html
07 Fixed in
AlmaLinux 8
- apcu-panel Fixed in 5.1.17-1.module_el8.3.0+2009+b272fdef
- libzip Fixed
A version is affected if any line below covers it.
- Affected before 1.5.2-1.module_el8.3.0+2009+b272fdef
- Affected before 1.5.2-1.module_el8.4.0+2229+b272fdef
- Affected before 1.5.2-1.module_el8.5.0+152+112d3b8c
- libzip-devel Fixed
A version is affected if any line below covers it.
- Affected before 1.5.2-1.module_el8.3.0+2009+b272fdef
- Affected before 1.5.2-1.module_el8.4.0+2229+b272fdef
- Affected before 1.5.2-1.module_el8.5.0+152+112d3b8c
- libzip-tools Fixed
A version is affected if any line below covers it.
- Affected before 1.5.2-1.module_el8.3.0+2009+b272fdef
- Affected before 1.5.2-1.module_el8.4.0+2229+b272fdef
- Affected before 1.5.2-1.module_el8.5.0+152+112d3b8c
- pcre2 Fixed in 10.32-2.el8
- pcre2-devel Fixed in 10.32-2.el8
- pcre2-tools Fixed in 10.32-2.el8
- pcre2-utf16 Fixed in 10.32-2.el8
- pcre2-utf32 Fixed in 10.32-2.el8
- php Fixed
A version is affected if any line below covers it.
- Affected before 7.3.20-1.module_el8.3.0+2009+b272fdef
- Affected before 7.3.20-1.module_el8.4.0+2229+b272fdef
- Affected before 7.3.20-1.module_el8.5.0+152+112d3b8c
- php-bcmath Fixed
A version is affected if any line below covers it.
- Affected before 7.3.20-1.module_el8.3.0+2009+b272fdef
- Affected before 7.3.20-1.module_el8.4.0+2229+b272fdef
- Affected before 7.3.20-1.module_el8.5.0+152+112d3b8c
- php-cli Fixed
A version is affected if any line below covers it.
- Affected before 7.3.20-1.module_el8.3.0+2009+b272fdef
- Affected before 7.3.20-1.module_el8.4.0+2229+b272fdef
- Affected before 7.3.20-1.module_el8.5.0+152+112d3b8c
- php-common Fixed
A version is affected if any line below covers it.
- Affected before 7.3.20-1.module_el8.3.0+2009+b272fdef
- Affected before 7.3.20-1.module_el8.4.0+2229+b272fdef
- Affected before 7.3.20-1.module_el8.5.0+152+112d3b8c
- php-dba Fixed
A version is affected if any line below covers it.
- Affected before 7.3.20-1.module_el8.3.0+2009+b272fdef
- Affected before 7.3.20-1.module_el8.4.0+2229+b272fdef
- Affected before 7.3.20-1.module_el8.5.0+152+112d3b8c
- php-dbg Fixed
A version is affected if any line below covers it.
- Affected before 7.3.20-1.module_el8.3.0+2009+b272fdef
- Affected before 7.3.20-1.module_el8.4.0+2229+b272fdef
- Affected before 7.3.20-1.module_el8.5.0+152+112d3b8c
- php-devel Fixed
A version is affected if any line below covers it.
- Affected before 7.3.20-1.module_el8.3.0+2009+b272fdef
- Affected before 7.3.20-1.module_el8.4.0+2229+b272fdef
- Affected before 7.3.20-1.module_el8.5.0+152+112d3b8c
- php-embedded Fixed
A version is affected if any line below covers it.
- Affected before 7.3.20-1.module_el8.3.0+2009+b272fdef
- Affected before 7.3.20-1.module_el8.4.0+2229+b272fdef
- Affected before 7.3.20-1.module_el8.5.0+152+112d3b8c
- php-enchant Fixed
A version is affected if any line below covers it.
- Affected before 7.3.20-1.module_el8.3.0+2009+b272fdef
- Affected before 7.3.20-1.module_el8.4.0+2229+b272fdef
- Affected before 7.3.20-1.module_el8.5.0+152+112d3b8c
- php-fpm Fixed
A version is affected if any line below covers it.
- Affected before 7.3.20-1.module_el8.3.0+2009+b272fdef
- Affected before 7.3.20-1.module_el8.4.0+2229+b272fdef
- Affected before 7.3.20-1.module_el8.5.0+152+112d3b8c
- php-gd Fixed
A version is affected if any line below covers it.
- Affected before 7.3.20-1.module_el8.3.0+2009+b272fdef
- Affected before 7.3.20-1.module_el8.4.0+2229+b272fdef
- Affected before 7.3.20-1.module_el8.5.0+152+112d3b8c
- php-gmp Fixed
A version is affected if any line below covers it.
- Affected before 7.3.20-1.module_el8.3.0+2009+b272fdef
- Affected before 7.3.20-1.module_el8.4.0+2229+b272fdef
- Affected before 7.3.20-1.module_el8.5.0+152+112d3b8c
- php-intl Fixed
A version is affected if any line below covers it.
- Affected before 7.3.20-1.module_el8.3.0+2009+b272fdef
- Affected before 7.3.20-1.module_el8.4.0+2229+b272fdef
- Affected before 7.3.20-1.module_el8.5.0+152+112d3b8c
- php-json Fixed
A version is affected if any line below covers it.
- Affected before 7.3.20-1.module_el8.3.0+2009+b272fdef
- Affected before 7.3.20-1.module_el8.4.0+2229+b272fdef
- Affected before 7.3.20-1.module_el8.5.0+152+112d3b8c
- php-ldap Fixed
A version is affected if any line below covers it.
- Affected before 7.3.20-1.module_el8.3.0+2009+b272fdef
- Affected before 7.3.20-1.module_el8.4.0+2229+b272fdef
- Affected before 7.3.20-1.module_el8.5.0+152+112d3b8c
- php-mbstring Fixed
A version is affected if any line below covers it.
- Affected before 7.3.20-1.module_el8.3.0+2009+b272fdef
- Affected before 7.3.20-1.module_el8.4.0+2229+b272fdef
- Affected before 7.3.20-1.module_el8.5.0+152+112d3b8c
- php-mysqlnd Fixed
A version is affected if any line below covers it.
- Affected before 7.3.20-1.module_el8.3.0+2009+b272fdef
- Affected before 7.3.20-1.module_el8.4.0+2229+b272fdef
- Affected before 7.3.20-1.module_el8.5.0+152+112d3b8c
- php-odbc Fixed
A version is affected if any line below covers it.
- Affected before 7.3.20-1.module_el8.3.0+2009+b272fdef
- Affected before 7.3.20-1.module_el8.4.0+2229+b272fdef
- Affected before 7.3.20-1.module_el8.5.0+152+112d3b8c
- php-opcache Fixed
A version is affected if any line below covers it.
- Affected before 7.3.20-1.module_el8.3.0+2009+b272fdef
- Affected before 7.3.20-1.module_el8.4.0+2229+b272fdef
- Affected before 7.3.20-1.module_el8.5.0+152+112d3b8c
- php-pdo Fixed
A version is affected if any line below covers it.
- Affected before 7.3.20-1.module_el8.3.0+2009+b272fdef
- Affected before 7.3.20-1.module_el8.4.0+2229+b272fdef
- Affected before 7.3.20-1.module_el8.5.0+152+112d3b8c
- php-pear Fixed in 1:1.10.9-1.module_el8.3.0+2009+b272fdef
- php-pecl-apcu Fixed
A version is affected if any line below covers it.
- Affected before 5.1.17-1.module_el8.3.0+2009+b272fdef
- Affected before 5.1.17-1.module_el8.4.0+2229+b272fdef
- Affected before 5.1.17-1.module_el8.5.0+152+112d3b8c
- php-pecl-apcu-devel Fixed
A version is affected if any line below covers it.
- Affected before 5.1.17-1.module_el8.3.0+2009+b272fdef
- Affected before 5.1.17-1.module_el8.4.0+2229+b272fdef
- Affected before 5.1.17-1.module_el8.5.0+152+112d3b8c
- php-pecl-rrd Fixed
A version is affected if any line below covers it.
- Affected before 2.0.1-1.module_el8.3.0+2009+b272fdef
- Affected before 2.0.1-1.module_el8.4.0+2229+b272fdef
- Affected before 2.0.1-1.module_el8.6.0+2750+78feabcb
- php-pecl-xdebug Fixed
A version is affected if any line below covers it.
- Affected before 2.8.0-1.module_el8.3.0+2009+b272fdef
- Affected before 2.8.0-1.module_el8.4.0+2229+b272fdef
- Affected before 2.8.0-1.module_el8.5.0+152+112d3b8c
- php-pecl-zip Fixed
A version is affected if any line below covers it.
- Affected before 1.15.4-1.module_el8.3.0+2009+b272fdef
- Affected before 1.15.4-1.module_el8.4.0+2229+b272fdef
- Affected before 1.15.4-1.module_el8.5.0+152+112d3b8c
- php-pgsql Fixed
A version is affected if any line below covers it.
- Affected before 7.3.20-1.module_el8.3.0+2009+b272fdef
- Affected before 7.3.20-1.module_el8.4.0+2229+b272fdef
- Affected before 7.3.20-1.module_el8.5.0+152+112d3b8c
- php-process Fixed
A version is affected if any line below covers it.
- Affected before 7.3.20-1.module_el8.3.0+2009+b272fdef
- Affected before 7.3.20-1.module_el8.4.0+2229+b272fdef
- Affected before 7.3.20-1.module_el8.5.0+152+112d3b8c
- php-recode Fixed
A version is affected if any line below covers it.
- Affected before 7.3.20-1.module_el8.3.0+2009+b272fdef
- Affected before 7.3.20-1.module_el8.4.0+2229+b272fdef
- Affected before 7.3.20-1.module_el8.5.0+152+112d3b8c
- php-snmp Fixed
A version is affected if any line below covers it.
- Affected before 7.3.20-1.module_el8.3.0+2009+b272fdef
- Affected before 7.3.20-1.module_el8.4.0+2229+b272fdef
- Affected before 7.3.20-1.module_el8.5.0+152+112d3b8c
- php-soap Fixed
A version is affected if any line below covers it.
- Affected before 7.3.20-1.module_el8.3.0+2009+b272fdef
- Affected before 7.3.20-1.module_el8.4.0+2229+b272fdef
- Affected before 7.3.20-1.module_el8.5.0+152+112d3b8c
2 further packages in AlmaLinux 8 not shown (first 40 listed).
Source: AlmaLinux, AlmaLinux OS. Copyright (c) 2023 AlmaLinux OS. Licensed under MIT License. Received through OSV.dev. Reformatted by exploit.cc.
CloudLinux 8
- apcu-panel Fixed in 5.1.17-1.module_el8.3.0+2009+b272fdef
- libzip Fixed
A version is affected if any line below covers it.
- Affected before 1.5.2-1.module_el8.3.0+2009+b272fdef
- Affected before 1.5.2-1.module_el8.4.0+2229+b272fdef
- Affected before 1.5.2-1.module_el8.5.0+152+112d3b8c
- libzip-devel Fixed
A version is affected if any line below covers it.
- Affected before 1.5.2-1.module_el8.3.0+2009+b272fdef
- Affected before 1.5.2-1.module_el8.4.0+2229+b272fdef
- Affected before 1.5.2-1.module_el8.5.0+152+112d3b8c
- libzip-tools Fixed
A version is affected if any line below covers it.
- Affected before 1.5.2-1.module_el8.3.0+2009+b272fdef
- Affected before 1.5.2-1.module_el8.4.0+2229+b272fdef
- Affected before 1.5.2-1.module_el8.5.0+152+112d3b8c
- pcre2 Fixed in 10.32-2.el8
- pcre2-devel Fixed in 10.32-2.el8
- pcre2-tools Fixed in 10.32-2.el8
- pcre2-utf16 Fixed in 10.32-2.el8
- pcre2-utf32 Fixed in 10.32-2.el8
- php Fixed
A version is affected if any line below covers it.
- Affected before 7.3.20-1.module_el8.3.0+2009+b272fdef
- Affected before 7.3.20-1.module_el8.4.0+2229+b272fdef
- Affected before 7.3.20-1.module_el8.5.0+152+112d3b8c
- php-bcmath Fixed
A version is affected if any line below covers it.
- Affected before 7.3.20-1.module_el8.3.0+2009+b272fdef
- Affected before 7.3.20-1.module_el8.4.0+2229+b272fdef
- Affected before 7.3.20-1.module_el8.5.0+152+112d3b8c
- php-cli Fixed
A version is affected if any line below covers it.
- Affected before 7.3.20-1.module_el8.3.0+2009+b272fdef
- Affected before 7.3.20-1.module_el8.4.0+2229+b272fdef
- Affected before 7.3.20-1.module_el8.5.0+152+112d3b8c
- php-common Fixed
A version is affected if any line below covers it.
- Affected before 7.3.20-1.module_el8.3.0+2009+b272fdef
- Affected before 7.3.20-1.module_el8.4.0+2229+b272fdef
- Affected before 7.3.20-1.module_el8.5.0+152+112d3b8c
- php-dba Fixed
A version is affected if any line below covers it.
- Affected before 7.3.20-1.module_el8.3.0+2009+b272fdef
- Affected before 7.3.20-1.module_el8.4.0+2229+b272fdef
- Affected before 7.3.20-1.module_el8.5.0+152+112d3b8c
- php-dbg Fixed
A version is affected if any line below covers it.
- Affected before 7.3.20-1.module_el8.3.0+2009+b272fdef
- Affected before 7.3.20-1.module_el8.4.0+2229+b272fdef
- Affected before 7.3.20-1.module_el8.5.0+152+112d3b8c
- php-devel Fixed
A version is affected if any line below covers it.
- Affected before 7.3.20-1.module_el8.3.0+2009+b272fdef
- Affected before 7.3.20-1.module_el8.4.0+2229+b272fdef
- Affected before 7.3.20-1.module_el8.5.0+152+112d3b8c
- php-embedded Fixed
A version is affected if any line below covers it.
- Affected before 7.3.20-1.module_el8.3.0+2009+b272fdef
- Affected before 7.3.20-1.module_el8.4.0+2229+b272fdef
- Affected before 7.3.20-1.module_el8.5.0+152+112d3b8c
- php-enchant Fixed
A version is affected if any line below covers it.
- Affected before 7.3.20-1.module_el8.3.0+2009+b272fdef
- Affected before 7.3.20-1.module_el8.4.0+2229+b272fdef
- Affected before 7.3.20-1.module_el8.5.0+152+112d3b8c
- php-fpm Fixed
A version is affected if any line below covers it.
- Affected before 7.3.20-1.module_el8.3.0+2009+b272fdef
- Affected before 7.3.20-1.module_el8.4.0+2229+b272fdef
- Affected before 7.3.20-1.module_el8.5.0+152+112d3b8c
- php-gd Fixed
A version is affected if any line below covers it.
- Affected before 7.3.20-1.module_el8.3.0+2009+b272fdef
- Affected before 7.3.20-1.module_el8.4.0+2229+b272fdef
- Affected before 7.3.20-1.module_el8.5.0+152+112d3b8c
- php-gmp Fixed
A version is affected if any line below covers it.
- Affected before 7.3.20-1.module_el8.3.0+2009+b272fdef
- Affected before 7.3.20-1.module_el8.4.0+2229+b272fdef
- Affected before 7.3.20-1.module_el8.5.0+152+112d3b8c
- php-intl Fixed
A version is affected if any line below covers it.
- Affected before 7.3.20-1.module_el8.3.0+2009+b272fdef
- Affected before 7.3.20-1.module_el8.4.0+2229+b272fdef
- Affected before 7.3.20-1.module_el8.5.0+152+112d3b8c
- php-json Fixed
A version is affected if any line below covers it.
- Affected before 7.3.20-1.module_el8.3.0+2009+b272fdef
- Affected before 7.3.20-1.module_el8.4.0+2229+b272fdef
- Affected before 7.3.20-1.module_el8.5.0+152+112d3b8c
- php-ldap Fixed
A version is affected if any line below covers it.
- Affected before 7.3.20-1.module_el8.3.0+2009+b272fdef
- Affected before 7.3.20-1.module_el8.4.0+2229+b272fdef
- Affected before 7.3.20-1.module_el8.5.0+152+112d3b8c
- php-mbstring Fixed
A version is affected if any line below covers it.
- Affected before 7.3.20-1.module_el8.3.0+2009+b272fdef
- Affected before 7.3.20-1.module_el8.4.0+2229+b272fdef
- Affected before 7.3.20-1.module_el8.5.0+152+112d3b8c
- php-mysqlnd Fixed
A version is affected if any line below covers it.
- Affected before 7.3.20-1.module_el8.3.0+2009+b272fdef
- Affected before 7.3.20-1.module_el8.4.0+2229+b272fdef
- Affected before 7.3.20-1.module_el8.5.0+152+112d3b8c
- php-odbc Fixed
A version is affected if any line below covers it.
- Affected before 7.3.20-1.module_el8.3.0+2009+b272fdef
- Affected before 7.3.20-1.module_el8.4.0+2229+b272fdef
- Affected before 7.3.20-1.module_el8.5.0+152+112d3b8c
- php-opcache Fixed
A version is affected if any line below covers it.
- Affected before 7.3.20-1.module_el8.3.0+2009+b272fdef
- Affected before 7.3.20-1.module_el8.4.0+2229+b272fdef
- Affected before 7.3.20-1.module_el8.5.0+152+112d3b8c
- php-pdo Fixed
A version is affected if any line below covers it.
- Affected before 7.3.20-1.module_el8.3.0+2009+b272fdef
- Affected before 7.3.20-1.module_el8.4.0+2229+b272fdef
- Affected before 7.3.20-1.module_el8.5.0+152+112d3b8c
- php-pear Fixed in 1:1.10.9-1.module_el8.3.0+2009+b272fdef
- php-pecl-apcu Fixed
A version is affected if any line below covers it.
- Affected before 5.1.17-1.module_el8.3.0+2009+b272fdef
- Affected before 5.1.17-1.module_el8.4.0+2229+b272fdef
- Affected before 5.1.17-1.module_el8.5.0+152+112d3b8c
- php-pecl-apcu-devel Fixed
A version is affected if any line below covers it.
- Affected before 5.1.17-1.module_el8.3.0+2009+b272fdef
- Affected before 5.1.17-1.module_el8.4.0+2229+b272fdef
- Affected before 5.1.17-1.module_el8.5.0+152+112d3b8c
- php-pecl-rrd Fixed
A version is affected if any line below covers it.
- Affected before 2.0.1-1.module_el8.3.0+2009+b272fdef
- Affected before 2.0.1-1.module_el8.4.0+2229+b272fdef
- Affected before 2.0.1-1.module_el8.6.0+2750+78feabcb
- php-pecl-xdebug Fixed
A version is affected if any line below covers it.
- Affected before 2.8.0-1.module_el8.3.0+2009+b272fdef
- Affected before 2.8.0-1.module_el8.4.0+2229+b272fdef
- Affected before 2.8.0-1.module_el8.5.0+152+112d3b8c
- php-pecl-zip Fixed
A version is affected if any line below covers it.
- Affected before 1.15.4-1.module_el8.3.0+2009+b272fdef
- Affected before 1.15.4-1.module_el8.4.0+2229+b272fdef
- Affected before 1.15.4-1.module_el8.5.0+152+112d3b8c
- php-pgsql Fixed
A version is affected if any line below covers it.
- Affected before 7.3.20-1.module_el8.3.0+2009+b272fdef
- Affected before 7.3.20-1.module_el8.4.0+2229+b272fdef
- Affected before 7.3.20-1.module_el8.5.0+152+112d3b8c
- php-process Fixed
A version is affected if any line below covers it.
- Affected before 7.3.20-1.module_el8.3.0+2009+b272fdef
- Affected before 7.3.20-1.module_el8.4.0+2229+b272fdef
- Affected before 7.3.20-1.module_el8.5.0+152+112d3b8c
- php-recode Fixed
A version is affected if any line below covers it.
- Affected before 7.3.20-1.module_el8.3.0+2009+b272fdef
- Affected before 7.3.20-1.module_el8.4.0+2229+b272fdef
- Affected before 7.3.20-1.module_el8.5.0+152+112d3b8c
- php-snmp Fixed
A version is affected if any line below covers it.
- Affected before 7.3.20-1.module_el8.3.0+2009+b272fdef
- Affected before 7.3.20-1.module_el8.4.0+2229+b272fdef
- Affected before 7.3.20-1.module_el8.5.0+152+112d3b8c
- php-soap Fixed
A version is affected if any line below covers it.
- Affected before 7.3.20-1.module_el8.3.0+2009+b272fdef
- Affected before 7.3.20-1.module_el8.4.0+2229+b272fdef
- Affected before 7.3.20-1.module_el8.5.0+152+112d3b8c
2 further packages in CloudLinux 8 not shown (first 40 listed).
Derived from AlmaLinux 8. Partial coverage: only packages taken from AlmaLinux 8 are listed.
Source: CloudLinux errata, CloudLinux Inc. Derived from: AlmaLinux, AlmaLinux OS. Copyright (c) 2023 AlmaLinux OS. Licensed under MIT License. Received through OSV.dev. Reformatted by exploit.cc.
Debian 12
- pcre2 Fixed in 10.34-1
Source: Debian Security Tracker, the Debian security team. Received through OSV.dev. Reformatted by exploit.cc.
Debian 13
- pcre2 Fixed in 10.34-1
Source: Debian Security Tracker, the Debian security team. Received through OSV.dev. Reformatted by exploit.cc.
Debian 14
- pcre2 Fixed in 10.34-1
Source: Debian Security Tracker, the Debian security team. Received through OSV.dev. Reformatted by exploit.cc.
Ubuntu Pro 18.04 LTS
- pcre2 No fix yet
Source: Ubuntu, Canonical Ltd. Licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0. Received through OSV.dev. Reformatted by exploit.cc.
A release or ecosystem missing from this list has no record here. It may be unaffected or not covered by the source. Source notices and licences.